Phyllostachys danxiashanensis (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species from south China Author Zheng, Xi-Rong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, China. & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China. Author Tong, Yi-Hua Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, China. Author Ni, Jing-Bo Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, China. Author Chen, Zai-Xiong Administrative Commission of Danxiashan National Park, 512300, Shaoguan, China. Author Xia, Nian-He Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, China. & Southeast Biodiversity Center, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences text Phytotaxa 2019 2019-01-15 388 2 201 206 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.388.2.7 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.388.2.7 1179-3163 Phyllostachys danxiashanensis N.H. Xia & X.R. Zheng , sp. nov. (ñḆƜNJfi, Figs. 1–2 ) Type:— CHINA . Guangdong Province : Renhua, Danxia Mountain, the lowland montane, 117 m a.s.l., 25°0 ′ 45.07 ″ N , 113°46 ′ 8.25 ″ E , 22 May 2018 , ZXR196 ( Holotype : IBSC !). Diagnosis: —The new species is similar to P. rivalis in having papery culm sheaths, erect culm sheath blades and the absence of culm sheath auricles, but it differs from P. rivalis by its much longer cilia on culm sheath ligule, hispid culm sheaths, and fewer leaves on ultimate branches. Description: —Culms 1.5–4 m long, 0.5–2 cm in diameter; internodes 15–25 cm long, green, glabrous, initially glaucous, lower, branchless internodes cylindrical, semicircular in cross section and sulcate above branches at higher internodes; supranode elevated and more prominent than sheath scar; intranode ca. 5 mm long, glaucous. Branching from 5th to 10th node apically. Culm sheaths thin, papery, brown hispid abaxially, margins ciliate; auricle absent; oral setae absent; ligules truncate, 2–3 mm tall, apex with long cilia (up to 13 mm ); blades erect, linear, nearly 1/4 as wide as sheath apex. Leaves 1–2 per ultimate branch; leaf sheaths distally pubescent; auricle absent; oral setae several, purple, erect, 4–6 mm long; ligules truncate, ca. 1 mm , glabrous; blades linear, 6–10× 1–1.5 cm , green adaxially and slightly glaucous abaxially, serrulate on one side, secondary veins 4–5 pairs. Inflorescence iterauctant, flowering branchlets lateral on branch nodes, spicate, ca. 5–8 cm long, scale-like bracts 3–5, gradually larger, 1–10 mm long; spathes 6–8, straightly setulose, the largest 25–30 mm long, apex with a 10–60× 3–10 mm lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate reduced blade; prophyll 1 with pseudospikelets 1 or 2(or 3) per spathe, absent from basal several deciduous spathes; spikelet lanceolate, 20–25 mmlong; glume 1 or absent, densely setulose, ca. 10–15 mm long; floret usually 1, sometimes 2; rachilla setulose, ca. 5 mm long; lemma 20–25 mmlong, densely setulose, apex aristulate-acuminate; palea slightly shorter than lemma, sparsely setulose, 2-keeled, apex bifid; lodicule unknown; stamens 3. Caryopsis ellipsoid, ca. 7 mm long, with a persistent style. Notes:— We did not find intact flowers of this new species because the flowering was coming to an end, and the flowers had suffered serious damage from pests. Unfortunately the lodicules and stigmas are still unknown. Distribution: —The new species occurs in a lowland montane area, Danxia Mountain, Renhua County, Guangdong Province , China . Conservation status: —Data deficient (DD). This species has only been found in the type locality and the distribution range has not been ascertained. More information of its distribution and number of individuals needs to be obtained for accurate assessment. This species is therefore assigned a preliminary status of “Data Deficient” [DD] following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria ( IUCN, 2012 ). Etymology: —The epithet refers to the type locality.