A new genus and thirteen new species of sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinasteridae) from the Aleutian Island Archipelago
Author
Clark, Roger N.
Author
Jewett, Stephen C.
text
Zootaxa
2010
2571
1
36
journal article
10.5281/zenodo.294234
b1e17af6-d6b7-4559-8cf0-11bba7ab920f
1175-5326
294234
Henricia lineata
sp. nov.
Figures 14–19
Henricia leviuscula spiculifera
(Clark)
Verrill, 1914
: 232
(
pars
), non
Cribrella spiculifera
H. L. Clark, 1901
.
Henricia spiculifera
(H. L. Clark)
D'yakonov, 1950: 87 (
pars
), non
Cribrella spiculifera
H. L. Clark, 1901
.
Henricia
sp. A, R.N. Clark. www.jaxshells.org/
henricia
2.htm
Type
locality:
Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Near Islands, Attu Island, Chichagof Harbor (52º
55.861 N
, 173º
15.295 E
),
7 m
.
Type
material:
Holotype
,
LACM
2007-027.001 (
leg.
R.N. Clark,
4 June
, 2008; scuba
7 m
) (
AKALE
07- 0019); 2
Paratypes
,
LACM
2007-027.002; 2
Paratypes
,
USNM
1125118 (
Type
locality); 2
Paratypes
,
CASIZ
180535
(
Type
locality);
Paratype
,
UAM
8132, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Rat Islands, Rat Island (51º
49.594 N
, 178º
27.184 E
) (
leg.
R.N. Clark,
1 July
, 2007; scuba
9 m
);
Paratype
,
LACM
2007-028.001, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Fox Islands, Avatanak Island (54º
05.188 N
, 165º
22.839 W
) (
leg.
R.N. Clark,
12 June
, 2008; scuba
6 m
).
Diagnosis:
Relatively small, fairly rigid, R to
7 cm
; disc small, rays moderately long, slender, tapering. Abactinal plates close-set, forming a tight reticulation, very spinose. Abactinal surface with three radial rows per ray of very tightly packed spinose plates forming conspicuous lines; similar rows of tightly packed or fused plates at ray arcs, forming internal septa; color in life red with lighter radial lines.
Description:
Relatively small, R to
6 cm
(
Holotype
R =
5.7 cm
), r to
1.2 cm
, R:r 5–6:1 (
Figs. 14 & 15
); disc small, rays moderately long, slender, sub-cylindrical, tapering to blunt tips. Abactinal surface (
Fig. 16
) thick, semi-rigid; abactinal plates relatively small, close set, forming a tight reticulation some plates very close set or fused into linear series, lacking papular areas between, forming three distinct lines on rays, similar linear series of plates at ray arcs, forming internal septa; plates crowned with 9–35 spinelets tipped with 3–8 very sharp thorns; papular areas rather small, with 1–3 papulae; madreporite small, circular, spinose, located about half way between anus and edge of disc, at the end of the ray arc linear plate series. Superomarginals slightly larger than abactinal plates, inferomarginals about twice high as high as long; twice as large as abactinal plates and bearing 40–50 spine tipped spinelets; a single series of intermarginals extends about 1/3 to 1/2 of R; a primary actinal inter-radial series extends about 90% of R, a second series extends about 1/4 to 1/2 of R. Adambulacrals (
Fig. 17
) with a single deep furrow spine and 14–17 actinal spines, one to three longer and somewhat compressed spine(s) at furrow edge, and 13–15 smaller distally grading spines behind. Oral plates (
Fig. 18
) five marginal and four to six suboral spines; in addition there are two to four thick, blunt, triangular, teeth deep in the furrow near the distal edge of the plate. Color in life (
Fig. 19
), red abactinally, with pale red to yellow-orange radial lines; orally yellow-orange. Dried specimens retain the lined pattern.
Distribution:
Found throughout the Aleutians from Fox Islands Avatanak Island, (54º
05.188 N
, 165º
22.839 W
) (
leg.
R.N. Clark,
12 June
, 2008; scuba
6 m
) to Near Islands, Attu Island, Chichagof Harbor (52º
55.861 N
, 173º
15.295 E
) (
leg.
R.N. Clark,
4 June
, 2008; scuba
7 m
) (
Type
locality) at depths of
6–
25 m
. Also present at Bering Island, Commander Islands,
Russia
(
55º11'44" N
,
165º59' E
) (
per. com.
Ken Vicknair, April, 2008), and along the Kamchatka,
Russia
coast (www.sanamyan.com).
Henricia lineata
is a member of the Aleutian Province, but the extent of its amphi-Pacific distribution requires further investigation.
FIGURE 13.
Aleutihenricia derjugini
,
live animal, Stalemate Bank, W of Attu Island (53º18.839 N, 170º43.34 E) (NMFS 147-0401-224) trawled R/V
Gladiator
, 359 m (
leg.
R. Clark, 31 July, 2004). Bar = 5.0 cm.
FIGURES 14–18.
Henricia lineata
,
Holotype, LACM 2007-027.001. Fig. 14, Ray, abactinal view. Bar = 3.0 cm. Fig. 15, Ray, actinal view. Bar = 3.0 cm. Fig. 16, Close-up of abactinal surface. Bar = 5.0 mm. Fig. 17, Close-up of adambulacral region of ray. Bar = 2.0 mm. Fig. 18, Close-up of oral region. Bar = 2.0 mm.
FIGURE 19.
Henricia lineata
, live
in situ.
, Rat Island, 14 m (image: R. Clark, 8 June, 2008). R = approximately 5 cm.
FIGURES 20.
Henricia multispina
, live animal, E of Attu Island (52º49.568 N, 173º41.51 E) (NMFS 147-0401-208) trawled R/V
Gladiator
, 117 m (
leg.
R. Clark, 27 July, 2004). Fig. 20, Whole animal, abactinal view. Bar = 3.0 cm.
Habitat:
Subtidal boulders and bedrock covered with the thick encrusting coralline red algae
Clathromorphum
.
Etymology:
Named for the brilliant red stripes on the rays.
Remarks:
This species has long been confused with the similar
Henricia multispina
Fisher, 1910
(Fig. 20), under the mistaken identification of
Henricia spiculifera
(H.L. Clark, 1901)
. This latter species has not been identified since Clark' s time. Clark's description differs on various points from that of
H. multispina
, and the
type
was from the vicinity of Puget Sound, Washington. An attempt to locate the
type
of
H. spiculifera
was unsuccessful, and it is presumed lost. It is therefore recommended that this name be treated as
nomen inquirendum
until the
type
or material from near the
type
locality that fits the original description can be located.
Henricia lineata
may be distinguished from
H. multispina
by 1) the prominent series of close-set aboral plates forming distinctive lines on the abactinal surface; 2) much smaller aboral plates; 3) relatively shorter, thicker, blunt-tipped rays, those of
H. multispina
are much more slender and pointed at the tips; and 4) dark reddish color, compared to white or pale lavender for
H. multispina
.