Reconstruction of Oligocene and Neogene freshwater fish faunas-an actualistic study on cypriniform otoliths Author Schulz-Mirbach, Tanja Author Reichenbacher, Bettina text Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 2006 51 2 283 304 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.13643922 1732-2421 13643922 Cyprinus carpio ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Figs. 1A 4 , A 5 , B 1 , 12 . Material and dimensions .—See Table 2 . Description .—The shape is elongate−cuneiform. The posterolateral edge is clearly marked and forms a pointed tip, whereas, in general, the other edges are only weakly developed. Remarks .—The lapillus illustrated in Fig. 12B corresponds well with such of Cyprinus carpio from the Salton Sea that have been described and figured in Martini and Reichenbacher (1993) . Unfortunately it is not known if the fish belonging to the lapillus of Fig. 12B was a wild carp or a breeding carp. However, lapilli from an adult breeding carp ( Fig. 12A, C ) show irregularly crenulated margins and thus differ from the lapilli of the Salton Sea−carps. During the final preparation of the present paper, we had the opportunity to get additional subadult specimens of breeding carps (this material is not included in Table 2 ). Their lapilli all display a prominent crenulation of the margins. Thus it can be suggested that the irregular crenulation of the lapillus margins may origin from breeding effects.