Rhizoecus colombiensis Ramos & Caballero, a new species of hypogeal mealybug (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Rhizoecidae) and a key to the species of Rhizoecus from Colombia Author Ramos-Portilla, Andrea Amalia Author Caballero, Alejandro text Zootaxa 2016 4092 1 journal volume 10.11646/zootaxa.4092.1.3 79d5a442-a266-43c1-9acb-3667d59332d1 1175-5326 269222 5B776B84-2274-4E88-8E8D-8358C424F682 Rhizoecus colombiensis Ramos & Caballero sp. n. Etymology . The name of this species comes from Colombia , the country of the Type locality. Type material . Holotype : Rhizoecus colombiensis Ramos & Caballero sp. n. Adult female. Colombia , Nariño, Yacuanquer, Vda. Mejía, 01°07′24″N, 77°23′15″W, 2792 m a.s.l., 05–i–2013 , coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of Holcus sp. ( Poaceae ), ♀1, UNAB. Paratypes : ♀11. Colombia , Caldas, Chinchiná, Casco Urbano, 04°59′00″N, 75°37′00″W, 1355 m a.s.l., 25–x–2007 , coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae) , ♀1, UNAB. Caldas, Manizales, Vda. Bajo Tablazo, Fca. María Auxiliadora, 05°01′00″N, 75°32′00″W, 1290 m a.s.l., 12–vi–2007 , coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of Plantago major (Plantaginaceae) , ♀1, UNAB. Caldas, Palestina , Vda. La Ínsula , 04°59′34″N, 75°38′15″W, 1331 m a.s.l., 25–x–2012 , coll. A. Caballero, ex. soil, ♀1, UNAB. Caldas, Risaralda, Vda. El crucero, Fca. El Porvenir, 05º05′45″N, 75º27′00″W, 1418 m a.s.l., 16–viii– 2007 , coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of Paspalum notatum (Poaceae) , ♀1, UNAB. Caldas, San José, Vda. La Ciénega, Fca. El Reposo, 05º04′23″N, 75º28′00″W, 1678 m a.s.l., 23–viii–2007 , coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of Cyperus ferax (Cyperaceae) , ♀1, UNAB. Caldas, Villamaría, Vda. Alto Arroyo, Fca. Los Sauces, 05°01′00″N, 75°18′41″W, 1870 m a.s.l., 12–vi–2007 , coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos., ex. Roots of Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae) , ♀1, UNAB. Caldas, Villamaría, Vda. El Destierro, 25–x–2012 , coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of Conyza bonaeriensis (Asteraceae) , ♀2, UNAB. Caldas, Villamaría, Vda. El Destierro, 04°58'44″N, 75°32′26″W, 1611 m a.s.l., 25–x–2012 , coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of Eleusine indica (Poaceae) , ♀1, CTNI. Caldas, Villamaría, Vda. El Destierro, 04°58′41″N, 75°32′26″W, 1611 m a.s.l., 25–x–2012 , coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of Cyperaceae , ♀1, MEFLG. Nariño, Yacuanquer, Vda. Mejía, 01°07′00″N, 77°23′57″W, 2700 m a.s.l., 5–i–2012 , coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of Holcus sp. ( Poaceae ), ♀1, MEFLG. Description. Description made from 12 type slides. Body ( Figure1 ) oval, elongate, oblong, 1.2 (0.9–1.9) mm long, 0.6 (0.5–1.0) mm wide. [Note: figure 1 shows shape of slide mounted specimen.]. Venter. Eye large, diameter=9 (8–11), protruded (protrution 9 (6–9)). Cephalic plate present ( Figure 2 A), subtriangular (subtriangular to oval), 18 (17–33) long; 36 (34–56) wide, two lateral setae (2–3); vacuoles not observed on holotype (two, tenuous). Clypeolabral shield 119 (98–125) long, 92 (78–104) wide. Labium 85 (71– 89) long ( Figure 2 B). Antenna 6-segmented; 176 (146–187) long, 30 (29–45) wide. Antennal segment I 47 (36– 52) long, 51 (44–62) wide, Antennal segment II 25 (19–27) long, 29 (27–39) wide; Antennal segment III 21 (20– 34) long, 32 (21–38) wide; Antennal segment IV 16 (16–23) long, 33 (30–41) wide; Antennal segment V 16 (13– 22) long, 35 (32–42) wide; Antennal segment VI 51 (29–51) long, 30 (29–45) wide. Antennal segment III with 5 (5) setae, flagellate, arranged on a single row. Proximal fleshy sensorial setae, falciform, 26 (21–28) long, slightly slimmer than other fleshy setae and sometimes slightly broader proximally. Ratio of length to width of antenna: 5:1 (4:1–9:1). Legs: fore leg 155 (113–155) long, mid leg 262 (215–286) long, hind leg 318 (264–335) long. Fore femur 110 (88–117) long, 49 (45–59) wide, mid femur 111 (85–120) long, 45 (38–53) wide, hind femur 130 (98– 134), 46 (41–55); fore tibia 67 (55–70) long, 19 (17–27) wide, mid tibia 63 (52–73) long, 21 (19–28) wide, hind tibia 86 (73–93) long, 24 (21–31) wide; fore tarsus 57 (54–67) long, 17 (15–24) wide, mid tarsus 63 (53–64) long, 18 (15–22) wide, hind tarsus 71 (63–78) long, 20 (15–25) wide; fore claw 35 (24–35) long, 7 (5–7) wide, mid claw 25 (24–29) long, 6 (5–7) wide, hind claw 31 (29–32) long, 5 (5–7) wide. Fore tibiae each with two preapical flagellate setae on internal margin; each mid and hind tibia with one preapical flagellate seta and another spur-like; mid tibae without maculae (two rounded maculae). Fore and hind tarsae each with one spur on internal margin; mid tarsi each with two spurs on internal margin. Claw digitules short, setose. Circuli absent. Anal lobes ventrally unsclerotized, each with one longer, flagellate seta, length not measured on holotype (81–101). Tritubular ducts numbering 26 (14–26), with accompanying setae and shape as on dorsum, two sizes: largest ducts only slightly smaller than those on dorsum (diameter=8–9), smaller ducts very conspicuos (diameter=5–6); largest tritubular ducts present submarginally on mesothorax and laterally on abdominal segments I, III–VI; smallest tritubular ducts present, with 2–4 in medial rows on III–VII (2–8 per segment), usually more numerous (4 (5–8)) on VI and VII. Tubular ducts similar to those on dorsum; present mesially on head, laterally on metathorax and with 2–10 (2–12) on each abdominal segment, including VIII. Multilocular disc pores present, diameter and loculi as on dorsum, more numerous than on dorsum but absent from head; present medially, submaginally and marginally on thorax and abdomen and numerous around vulva; absent on margins of abdominal segment VIII. Trilocular pores similar in shape, size and distribution to those on dorsum. Setae all flagellate, with some submarginal setae larger; with one submarginal pair of setae on abdominal segment VII, 50 (29–50) long. Dorsum. Ostioles anterior and posterior ostioles very conspicuous ( Figure 2 C), with prominent lips, inner borders sclerotized, 66 (55–87) wide; posterior ostioles with 16 (10–16) flagellate setae and 22 (11–20) trilocular pores; anterior ostioles with setae and pores but these not counted. Anus : anal ring subpentagonal, diameter=51 (44–56); rows of cells not completely visible in dorsal view ( Figure 2 D); outer row with 12 cells (12–14), with spicules; inner row apparently with 6 cells (6); with six flagellate anal setae, each 59 (56–64) long, shorter than ventral setae of anal lobe and subequal to width of anal ring. Anal lobes slightly developed, short ( Figure 2 E); dorsally slightly sclerotized around setae bases (on one specimen only), with five flagellate setae on each lobe, longest 61 (66–70) long, middle-sized seta 41 (53–63) long, and three shorter setae, each 20 (24–33) long. Tritubular ducts numbering 15 (15–23), each with accompanying setae; only one size (diameter=10–11); outer opening rounded; each tubule short (9 long, diameter=3); present medially on head, prothorax, metathorax and abdominal segments III–V; also submarginally on each thoracic segment and laterally on mesothorax and abdominal segments I, III, V and VII. Tubular ducts very conspicuous, each 4 long, diameter=4, present marginally on head, submarginal and laterally on thorax, and with a total of 2–14 (2–10) present laterally, submarginally, submedially and medially on each abdominal segment; absent on VIII. Multilocular disc pores present, each with 8–10 (8–10) loculi, diameter=9 (8–9), numbering 24 (13–47), present on margins of all segments, except on head and abdominal segment viii. Trilocular pores subcircular, loculi protruding from cuticular surface, diameter=3, equal to or slightly less than diameter of tubular ducts, evenly scattered. Setae: all flagellate; dorsum with some marginal setae larger than elsewhere; submarginal prothoracic pair 56 (47–60) long, and with three pairs of larger setae on abdominal segment VII as follows: one pair of marginal setae, each 66 (49– 66) long; one pair of submarginal setae, each 36 (37–42) long, and one pair of lateral setae, each 30 (30–37) long. Genital chamber conspicuous ( Figure 2 F), 81 (59–88) long, 14 (10–14) wide proximally, 42 (31–49) wide distally; with each arm of accessory glands located in posterior constriction. Additional material :♀60. COLOMBIA : Caldas, Anserma, Vda. Agua Bonita, Fca. Bellavista, 05°10′00″N, 75°46′00″W, 1756 m a.s.l., 27–vii–2007 , coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of Paspalum notatum (Poaceae) , ♀2, UNAB; Caldas, Chinchiná. Casco Urbano, 04°59′42″N, 75°36′58″W, 1408 m a.s.l., 25–x–2012 , coll. A. Ramos, ex. base of stem of Cuphea lanceolata (Lythraceae) , ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Chinchiná, Casco Urbano, 04º59′00″N, 75º37′00″W, 1355 m a.s.l., 25–vi–2007 , coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of Erigeron bonariensis (Asteraceae) , ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Manizales, Vda. Bajo Tablazo, Fca. María Auxiliadora, 05°01′00″N, 75°32′00″W, 1290 m a.s.l., 05–vi–2007 , coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of Plantago major (Plantaginaceae) , ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Manizales, Vda. Las Pavas, Fca. Villa Rosario, 05°01′00″N, 75°35′00″W, 1290 m a.s.l., 05–v–2007 , coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of Cyperus ferax (Cyperaceae) , ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Palestina , Vda. La Ínsula , 04°59′34″N, 75°38′15″W, 1331 m a.s.l., 25–x–2012 ¸coll. A. Caballero, ex. soil, ♀4, UNAB; Caldas, Palestina , Vda. La Ínsula , 04°59′34″N, 75°38′15″W, 1331 m a.s.l., 25–x–2012 , coll. A. Ramos. ex. roots of Panicum maximum (Poaceae) , ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Risaralda, Vda. El Crucero, Fca. El Crucero, 05°05′00″N, 75°27′00″W, 1443 m a.s.l., 16–viii–2007 , coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae) , ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Risaralda, Vda. El Crucero, Fca. El Crucero, 05°09′33″N, 75°45′28″W, 1443 m a.s.l., 16–viii–2007 , coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of Commelina diffusa (Commelinaceae) , ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Risaralda, Vda. El Crucero, Fca. El Provenir, 05°05′42″N, 75°27′00″W, 1418 m a.s.l., 16–viii– 2007 , coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of Emilia sonchifolia (Asteraceae) , ♀2, UNAB; Caldas, Risaralda, Vda. El Crucero, Fca. El Provenir, 05°05′42″N, 75°27′00″W, 1418 m a.s.l., 16–viii–2007 , coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots Paspalum notatum (Poaceae) , ♀2, UNAB; Caldas, Risaralda, Vda. Guacaica, Fca. El Cruceiro, 05°10′00″N, 75°45′00″W, 1395 m a.s.l., 16–viii–2007 , coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) , ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Risaralda, Vda. La Trinidad , Fca. El Bosque, 05°05′36″N, 75°27′04″W, 1415 m a.s.l., 16–viii–2007 , coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) , ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, San José, Vda. Pueblo Rico, Fca. El Roble, 05°09′00″N, 75°79′00″W, 1574 m a.s.l., 17–v–2007 , coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae) , ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, San José, Vda. La Ciénega, Fca. El Reposo, 05°07′00″N, 75°47′00″W, 1678 m a.s.l., 10–v–2007 , coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of Cyperus ferax (Cyperaceae) , ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Villamaría, Vda. Bajo Castillo, 05°00′38″N, 75°32′00″W, 1784 m a.s.l., 25–x– 2012 , coll. A. Caballero and A. Ramos, ex. soil, ♀4, UNAB; Caldas, Villamaría. Vda. El Destierro, 04°58′44″N, 75°32′26″W, 1611 m a.s.l., 25–x–2012 , coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of Eleusine indica (Poaceae) , ♀4, UNAB; Caldas, Villamaría, Vda. El Destierro, 04º58′44″N, 75º32′26″W, 1611 m a.s.l., 25–x–2012 , coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of Conyza bonaeriensis (Asteraceae) , ♀2, UNAB; Cundinamarca, Fusagasugá, 17–viii–1971 , coll. F. Mosquera and H. Martin, ex. roots of Chrysanthemum sp. ( Asteraceae ), ♀2, cod. N°73 (71–13465), USNM; Nariño, Buesaco, Vda. Veracruz, 01°210′35″N, 77°10′07″W, 1814 m a.s.l., 25–xii–2012 , coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of Galinsoga parviflora (Asteraceae) , ♀2, UNAB; Nariño, Pasto, Casco Urbano, Barrio Torobajo, 01°14′18″N, 77°18′28″W, 2426 m a.s.l., 08–i–2013 , coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of Equisetum sp. ( Equisetaceae ), ♀1, UNAB; Nariño, Pasto, Casco Urbano, Barrio Capusigra, Colegio INEM, 01°14′18″N, 77°18′28″W, 2426 m a.s.l., 12–xii–2012 , coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of Pennisetum clandestinum (Poaceae) , ♀3, UNAB. COSTA RICA : San Vito, Las Cruces, 6 km East, 18–ii–1970 , coll. M. Kosztarab, ex. Soil under Prunus persica (Rosaceae) , ♀2, cod. N°C585a, USNM. ECUADOR : Cantón El Triunfo, Guayas Province, 25–vii–2003 , coll. F. Armijos and R. Floros, ex. soil cod. N°RN#10, ♀3, cod. N°309628, USNM; Cantón El Triunfo, Guayas Province, Estación experimental Santo Domingo ″INIAP″, ix–1979 , coll. F. Orellana, ex. Elaeis guineensis (Arecaceae) , ♀4, cod. N°80–12960, USNM. MEXICO : Jalapa, Veracruz, Andalé, 10 km south west Jalapa, 18–vii–1969 , coll. D.R. Miller and J. Villanueva, Cod. N°837, ♀1, USNM. UNITED STATES : California, Los Angeles Co., 15–viii–1979 , coll. R. Lizuka, ex Areca sp. ( Arecaceae ), ♀2, cod. N°79417–1, USNM; Florida, 11–xi–1971 , coll. G.T. Williams, ex. Pyracantha coccinea (Rosaceae) , ♀1, cod. N°125245, USNM; Florida, Flamingo, 18–ii–1970 , ex. Poaceae , ♀2, USNM; Florida, Largo, 1971, coll. L. B. Hill, ex. Aralia sp. ( Araliaceae ), ♀1, cod. N°125338, USNM; Florida, Palmetto, 14–x–1970 , coll. G.W. Dekle, ex. Araucaria excelsa (Araucariaceae) , ♀1, USNM; Florida, Snead Island, 16–xi– 1970 , coll. G.W. Dekle, ex. Asparagus sprengeri (Asparagaceae) , ♀2, cod. N°125331, USNM; Florida, Tallevast, coll. J.R. McFarlin, 17–ii–1971 , ex. Callistemma sp. ( Caprifoliaceae ), ♀1, Cod. N°125281, USNM; Harding, Co., NM 6 min W. Roy, 12–viii–1981 , coll., D.R. Miller and J.F. Miller, ex. roots of Poaceae , ♀1, cod. N°DRM 41–A, USNM; Florida, 9–i–1973 , coll. G.W. Dekle, ex. Quercus sp. ( Fagaceae ), ♀1, cod. N°125784. USNM; Florida, Bradenton, 3–ix–1970 , coll. S. Poe, ex. Araucaria excelsa (Araucariaceae) , ♀2. cod. N°DPI125148, USNM; Florida, Flamingo, 18–ii–1970 , ex. Poaceae , ♀1, USNM. Florida, Monroe Co., 3–v–1975 , coll. R.F. Denno, J.A. Davidson and D.R. Miller, ex. Poaceae , ♀2, cod. N°2895 (13), USNM; Florida, Monroe Co. Upeer Key, Largo, Telephone pole N°219, 22–iii–1968 , coll. R.E. Woodruff, ex. packart nest debris, ♀1, USNM; Saint Croix , V.I., 22–iii–1973 , ex. Fern (Pteridophyta), coll. G.W. Dekle et al ., ♀1, cod. N°125868, USNM. FIGURE 1. Rhizoecus colombiensis Ramos and Caballero sp. n. Distribution. Nearctic: Mexico , United States (Florida). Neotropical: Colombia , Costa Rica , Ecuador ( Figure 3 ). Hosts. Araliaceae : Aralia sp.; Araucariaceae : Araucaria excelsa ; Arecaceae : Areca sp., Elaeis guineensis ; Asparagaceae : Asparagus sprengeri ; Asteraceae : Bidens pilosa , Chrysanthemum sp., Conyza bonaeriensis , Emilia sonchifolia , Erigeron bonariensis ; Caprifoliaceae : Callistemma sp.; Commelinaceae : Commelina diffusa ; Cyperaceae : Cyperus ferax ; Equisitaceae : Equisetum sp.; Fagaceae : Quercus sp.; Lythraceae : Cuphea lanceolata ; Plantaginaceae : Plantago major ; Poaceae : Eleusine indica , Holcus sp. Panicum maximum , Paspalum notatum , Pennisetum clandestinum ; Rosaceae : Pyracantha coccinea ; Rubiaceae : Coffea arabica ; Pteridophyta : Fern; in soil.