Two new species of Crinipellis (Marasmiaceae, Agaricales) from Kerala State, India Author Sharafudheen, Shahina A. 0009-0007-2090-804X shahinaas 91 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0007 - 2090 - 804 X shahinaas91@gmail.com Author Manimohan, Patinjareveettil 0000-0002-5382-8050 pmanimohan @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5382 - 8050 pmanimohan@gmail.com Author Deepna Latha, K. P. 0000-0001-5012-4755 deepnocybe @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5012 - 4755 deepnocybe@gmail.com text Phytotaxa 2023 2023-06-29 600 4 219 229 http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN journal article 56183 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.4.1 53f901aa-3786-4594-be92-793e57ad4f50 1179-3163 8093955 Crinipellis fibrillosa S. A. Sharafudheen, Manim. & K. P. D. Latha , sp. nov. Fig. 3A–N MycoBank no.: MB 847918 Etymology:— fibrillosa (L.) , with fibrils; refers to the fibrillose pileus surface of this species. Diagnosis:—Differs from C. tucumanensis in having a pileus with radial rows formed by appressed fibrils, a longer stipe (up to 64 mm long), longer and narrow basidiospores (11–12 (–13) × 3–4 µm) and shorter cheilocystidia (up to 27 µm long). Type :— INDIA . Kerala State : Thrissur District , Kalasamala sacred grove, 10°40’18.7” N 76°05’18.8” E , 10 June 2017 , A. S. Shahina SA199 ( holotype CALI !). GenBank accessions: nrITS: OQ617333 and nrLSU: OQ617342 . Description:— Basidiocarps small. Pileus 5–10 mm diam., convex when young, becoming plano-convex to almost applanate with an occasional papilla visible in dried specimens under a lens; surface dark brown (7F8/OAC635) at the center, brown (7E8/OAC621) around it, reddish gray (7B2/OAC620) to grayish red (7B3/OAC634) towards the margin, with dark brown (7F8/OAC622) radially appressed fibrils, densely so at the center, often forming tufts in radial rows towards the margin and hanging from the margin; margin straight, appendiculate. Lamellae free, up to 2 mm wide, orange-white (5A2/OAC900) close; edge entire to the naked eye, finely torn under a lens, initially concolorous with the sides but in mature specimens the edge becomes dark brown (7F4/OAC737) on drying starting from the part close to the stipe and gradually spreading to the entire edge. Stipe 28–64 × 1 mm , central, terete, equal, solid; surface dark brown (6F8/OAC635), appressed-fibrillose all over; base insititious. Rhizomorphs not observed. Context very thin. Basidiospores 11–12 (–13) × 3–4 (11.83 ± 0.47 × 3.43 ± 0.37) µm, Q = 2.75–4.0, Qm = 3.49, lanceolate, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline, inamyloid. Basidia 22.5–27 × 7–8.5 µm, clavate, 4-spored; sterigmata up to 5.5 µm long. Pleurocystidia 34–43 × 7.5–10 µm, scattered, clavate, elongate-clavate or subcylindrical, hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled. Lamella-edge heteromorphous. Cheilocystidia 17–27 × 4–9 µm, versiform: broadly fusiform, subcylindrical, obclavate, vesiculose or flexuous, often with a mucronate apex or bifurcating apical appendages up to 12 µm long, hyaline in young specimens, but with dark brown plasmatic pigment in mature specimens, turning greenish gray in 3% KOH, thin- to slightly thick-walled. Lamellar trama subregular; hyphae 3–17 µm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, hyaline, inamyloid. Pileus trama a duplex; upper half with narrow, parallelly interwoven 3–17 µm wide hyphae; lower half with inflated 32–74 × 11–22.5 µm wide, closely septate hyphae, thin- to slightly thick-walled, hyaline to pale yellow, inamyloid. Pileipellis a hypotrichium composed of closely septate, inflated hyphae giving rise to suberect terminal hairs; hypotrichial hyphae 6–13 µm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, hyaline or with a brownish wall pigment, turning grayish to grayish green in 3% KOH; hairs 80–555 × 4–8 µm, cylindrical or flexuous, with subacute to obtuse apices, often with septa, brown to light brown or hyaline, turning grayish to grayish green in 3% KOH, dextrinoid, thick-walled (up to 2.5 µm thick). Stipitipellis similar to the pileipellis but with narrow hypotrichial hyphae measuring 2–6 µm wide, hyaline or yellowish brown in water and 3% KOH, thick-walled (up to 1 µm thick); hairs 75–415 × 6–10.5 µm, narrowly cylindrical or at times tapering towards the apex, often branched, septate, hyaline or yellowish brown, turning grayish to grayish green in 3% KOH, thick-walled (up to 2 µm thick). Stipe trama dextrinoid. Clamp connections observed on all hyphae except at the base of basidia, cheilo- and pleurocystidia. FIGURE 3. A–N: Crinipellis fibrillosa (SA199 (CALI), holotype). A–C. Basidiocarps; D–F. Basidiospores; G. Basidium; H. Lamellaedge in 3% KOH; I–J. Pleurocystidia; K–L. Cheilocystidia; M. Pileipellis; N. Stipitipellis. Scale bars: A–C = 10 mm; D–G, I–L = 10 µm; H, M–N = 50 µm. Habitat: — Scattered on leaf litter, partially buried in the soil. Geographical distribution range:—Known only from the type locality in Kerala State , India . Comments:— Crinipellis fibrillosa has a pileus with dark brown appressed fibrils, free lamellae, a lamella-edge with cheilocystidia, a hypotrichium-type pileipellis giving rise to long, thick-walled, dextrinoid hairs turning grayish to grayish green in 3% KOH and a habitat on partially buried leaf litter. An exhaustive literature survey showed that the lamella-edge of no other described species of Crinipellis turns dark brown on drying or has the greenish gray coloration of dried lamella-edge in KOH. Crinipellis tucumanensis Singer (1976: 40) , a species originally described from Argentina ( Singer 1976 ), shows some similarities to C. fibrillosa in having a pileus of similar size ( 4–13 mm diam.), free lamellae, pleurocystidia of similar size and shape, a lamella-edge with cheilocystidia and the pileipellis hairs turning greenish in KOH. However, C. tucumanensis can be readily distinguished from C. fibrillosa as the former has a pileus lacking radial rows formed by appressed fibrils, a shorter stipe (up to 36 mm long), shorter and broader basidiospores (5.5–8.5 × 4–6 µm) and longer cheilocystidia (up to 40 µm long). Crinipellis brunneoaurantiaca Bandala, Montoya & Ryoo (in Bandala et al. 2012: 734 ), described from Mexico , is another species that shows the characteristic greenish color change of pileus hairs in KOH (Bandala et. al. 2012). That species shares some features such as pileus of similar size ( 2–9 mm diam.) and shape with an appendiculate margin, free lamellae, presence of cheilocystidia, septate pileipellis hairs and a dextrinoid stipe trama with C. fibrillosa . However, C. brunneoaurantiaca has a pileus with a conical to subacute central papilla, subdistant to distant lamellae, a shorter stipe ( 4–14 mm long) and a hymenium devoid of pleurocystidia. Crinipellis fibrillosa shows some features similar to C. calderi Pegler (1966: 106) , a species described from Uganda ( Pegler 1977 ), in having an initially convex and finally expanded-plane pileus with hairs sparser towards the margin, basidiospores of somewhat similar size (9–11.7 × 3.2–4.5 µm), a heteromorphous lamella-edge with cheilocystidia and septate pileipellis hairs. However, C. calderi is distinct from C. fibrillosa in having a radially sulcate pileus, distant and intervenose lamellae, a shorter stipe (up to 35 mm long), lamellae devoid of pleurocystidia and hypotrichial hyphae with incrusting pigments. Crinipellis fibrillosa is also similar to C. malesiana Kerekes, Desjardin & Vikinesw. (in Kerekes & Desjardin 2009: 125 ), a species from Southeast Asia, having a pileus of similar size ( 2–13 mm diam.) and shape, a hymenium with pleuro- and cheilocystidia, and a pileipellis with hyaline or brown hyphae turning greenish in KOH. However, this species differs from C. fibrillosa in having a pileus often with one or two raised concentric ridges surrounding a central papilla and a brown to brownish orange margin, adnexed to adnate lamellae, a shorter stipe ( 4–22 mm long), broader (4–6.5 µm) basidiospores, longer ((11–) 21–40 µm) cheilocystidia and a stipitipellis with caulocystidia ( Kerekes & Desjardin 2009 ). A pairwise comparison of the nrITS sequence (NR_ 119706) of C. malesiana with that of C. fibrillosa showed only 83.59% similarity A BLASTn search of the GenBank nucleotide database using the nrITS sequence (661 bp) of C. fibrillosa showed an unnamed Crinipellis species , Crinipellis species RAK 391 (MN930626) as the closest hit with 88.75% sequence similarity. Crinipellis pseudosplachnoides ( Hennings 1901: 47 ) Pat. ex Singer (1942: 510) (MK277895: 98.78%) resulted as the closest hit using nrLSU (903 bp) sequence. Crinipellis pseudosplachnoides is similar to C. fibrillosa in having a pileus with a brown center, an insititious stipe, a hymenium with cheilo- and pleurocystidia and the pileipellis hairs with septations. But C. pseudosplachnoides has a shorter stipe (up to 40 mm long), shorter and broader (6.3–10 × 3.5–5.7 µm) basidiospores and longer cheilo- (up to 45 µm long) and pleurocystidia (65 µm long) ( Pegler 1977 ).