Semiaquilegia quelpaertensis (Ranunculaceae), a new species from the Republic of Korea Author Son, Dong Chan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6773-0580 Division of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon-si 11186, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Author Jeong, Keum Seon Division of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon-si 11186, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Author Lee, Kang-Hyup Division of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon-si 11186, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Author Kim, Heesoo Division of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon-si 11186, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Author Chang, Kae Sun Division of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon-si 11186, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea natu17@korea.kr text PhytoKeys 2017 2017-11-09 89 107 113 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.21004 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.21004 1314-2003-89-107 0C56965AFFA7FFB3FFE6FFCCFFA9FF87 1138357 Semiaquilegia quelpaertensis D.C. Son & K. Lee sp. nov. Figs 1 , 2 Diagnosis. Semiaquilegia quelpaertensis is most similar to S. adoxoides in general vegetative and floral morphology, but obviously differs from the latter by the shallowly lobed leaflets, larger flowers, (4-)6 staminodes and conspicuously rugose tuberculate seed surface (Table 1 ). Table 1. Morphological data of Semiaquilegia spp.

Species	S. adoxoides		S. guangxiensis	S. quelpaertensis
Source	Makino (1902)	This study	Huang et al. (2017)	This study
Underground stem	thick, 1.5 cm in diameter	thin, 1-2 cm long, 0.3-0.5 cm in diameter	thick, 2-5 cm long, 0.5-2 cm in diameter	thick, 3-5 cm long, 0.6-1 cm in diameter
Basal leaves	ternate; leaf blade suborbicular or reniform, 1-3.5 cm long, 2-4.5 cm wide; segments incised	ternate or biternate; leaf blade ovate, suborbicular or reniform, both length and width 1.2-3.0 cm; segments incised	ternate, rarely biternate; leaf blade ovate to triangular ovate, both length and width 3-9.5 cm; segments shallower lobed	ternate; leaf blade ovate to triangular ovate, both length and width 2-3.5 cm; segments shallower lobed
Flower	4-6.5 mm in diameter	4-6 mm in diameter	15-25 mm in diameter	8-10 mm in diameter
Pedicel	0.3-1.2 cm long	1-2.5 cm long	2.5-12 cm long	0.8-2.5 cm long
Sepals	oblong-lanceolate, 4-6.5 mm long; apex obtuse, but sometimes acute	narrowly elliptic, 4-6 mm long, 1.2-2.5 mm wide; apex acute	broadly elliptic or obovate, 10-20 mm long, 5-10 mm wide; apex rounded or obtuse	narrowly elliptic, 7-8 mm long, 3.0-3.5 mm wide; apex obtuse
Petals	spatulate, 3.0-3.5 mm long, yellow, apex truncate	spatulate, 2.5-3.5 mm long, yellow, base cystic, apex subtruncate, not folded	spatulate, 4-6 mm long, yellow, base tubular, apex retuse, ventrally folded	spatulate, 3.0-3.5 mm long, yellow, base cystic, apex subtruncate, not folded
Androecium	9-14, inserted into petals; staminodes 1-4, half as long as stamen	8-14, inserted into petals; staminodes 2, as long as filaments	20-30, exserted from petals; staminodes ca. 10, 1/2 as long as filaments	16-22, inserted into petals; staminodes (4-)6, 1/2-2/3 as long as filaments
Anther colour	light yellow	yellow	yellow or blackish	yellow
Follicle	9-10 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide	6-7 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide	ca. 10 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide	7-9 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide
Seeds	1.5 mm long, rugose	ca.1 mm long, rugose	ca. 1.5-2.5 mm long, densely rugose	ca.1.5-2.0 mm long, conspicuously rugose

Type . KOREA . Prov. Jeju-do , Jeju-si , Eoseungsaengak , Hallasan National Park , elevation 815 m , 33.4026818°N , 126.4954984°E , 18 April 2017 , K.H. Lee 0300 ( holotype KH-1543063!; isotype, 1 sheet, KH-1543065!) . Description. Herbs perennial, 15-25 cm tall. Roots thin and fibrous. Underground stem tuberous, oblong, 3-5 cm long, 0.6-1 cm in diameter, light brown. Aerial stems erect, villose, apically branched. Basal leaves spirally-alternate, congested on a basal rosette, persistent in mature individuals, several, 1-ternately compound, glabrous, sheathed; petiole 6-12 cm long, villose; leaflets ovate to triangular ovate, 2.0-3.5 cm long, 2.0-3.5 cm wide, 3-parted, segments 2- or 3-lobed. Cauline leaves spirally-alternate, distributed along the stem, 1-2, shortly petiolate or sessile, similar to basal leaves but smaller. Inflorescence monochasial cymes, 2-5-flowered; bracts entire, 3-lobed, 3-5 mm long, oblanceolate to obovate; bracteoles 2, 2-3 mm long, oblanceolate. Flowers actinomorphic, 8-10 mm in diameter, pendulous; pedicel slender, 0.8-2.5 cm long, villose with patent hairs, intermixed with glandular hairs; sepals 5, petaloid, white, usually basally to medially tinged with pink or purple, narrowly elliptic, 7-8 mm long, 3.0-3.5 mm wide, base cuneate, apex obtuse; petals 5, greenish yellow to yellow, spatulate, 3.0-3.5 mm long, apex subtruncate, nectaries cylindrical, shortly spurred; stamens 16-22, filaments 3 mm long, filiform, white, anthers globose, 0.5 mm in diameter, pale yellow; staminodes (4-)6, white, petaloid, membranous, linear-lanceolate, 1/2-2/3 as long as filaments, glabrous; pistils 4-5, glabrous, style ca. 1/6-1/5 as long as ovary, stigma capital. Follicles 4-5, free, widely divergent, ovoid-oblong, 7-9 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, apically with a small beak due to the persistent style, striate, striae transversely raised. Seeds obovoid, 1.5-2.0 mm long, blackish brown, conspicuously rugose tuberculate seed surface. Figure 1. Semiaquilegia quelpaertensis D.C. Son & K. Lee, illustrations. A Habit B Flower (lateral view) B ' Flower (top view) C Flower with sepals cut away to show petals D Sepals E Flower with some sepals and petals removed, showing stamens and styles F Petals G Flower with sepals, petals and some stamens removed, showing stamens, staminodes and pistils H Stamens I Staminodes J Pistils (after fertilisation) K Inflorescence in fruiting L Follicles (immature) L ' Dehisced follicles, showing seed M Seed N Inflorescence O Petiole P Leaflet (abaxial surface). Illustrations by Heesoo Kim. Phenology. Flowering time: April-early May; fruiting time: May. Distribution. Endemic to the Province Jeju-do (Republic of Korea). Vernacular (Korean) name. Keun-gae-gu-ri-bal-top (큰개구리발톱; new Korean name). Habitat and ecology. Semiaquilegia quelpaertensis grows in submontane broadleaf forests and in moist valleys at 800-850 m elevation. Its habitat is dominated by Styrax obassis Siebold & Zucc. ( Styracaceae ), with Dryopteris dickinsii (Franch. & Sav.) C. Chr. ( Dryopteridaceae ), Elatostema umbellatum (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume ( Urticaceae ), Pimpinella hallaisanensis (W. Lee & G. Jang) G. Jang, W.K. Paik & W. Lee ( Apiaceae ), Cardamine tanakae Franch. & Sav. ( Brassicaceae ), Peracarpa carnosa var. circaeoides (F. Schmidt ex Miq.) Makino ( Campanulaceae ), Viola boissieuana Makino ( Violaceae ) and Anemone stolonifera Maxim. ( Ranunculaceae ). Etymology . The specific epithet of the new species is derived from the type locality, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea. Preliminary conservation status. Currently, the new species is only known at the type locality and the population size is about 200 mature individuals. It seems that the new species can be ascribed as Endangered (EN) according to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria ( IUCN 2014 ). However, it is possible that further populations could be found in similar habitats of neighbouring areas of Jeju-do, Republic of Korea. Given the current limited field work, this new species could be temporarily considered as Data Deficient (DD). Taxonomic notes. Semiaquilegia quelpaertensis shows morphological similarities with S. adoxoides concerning its narrowly elliptic sepals, shorter pedicel and petals subtruncate at apex. Despite these similarities, there are clear differences between these two species, such as the lobed shape of leaflets, the size of the flowers, the surface of seeds and the length and number of staminodes (Table 1 ), as well as the habitat (mountains for S. quelpaertensis vs. lowland for S. adoxoides ). Semiaquilegia guangxiensis , which is endemic to China, also displays shallower lobed leaflets, larger flowers and seeds and more staminodes than S. adoxoides ( Huang et al. 2017 ). However, S. guangxiensis greatly differs in the 2.5-12 cm long pedicel ( vs. 0.8-2.5 cm in S. quelpaertensis ), broadly elliptic or obovate sepals ( vs. narrowly elliptic sepals in S. quelpaertensis ) and apex retuse, reflexed along the lower edge, tubular petals ( vs. apex subtruncate, cylindrical petals in S. quelpaertensis ; Table 1 ). Meanwhile, the name Semiaquilegia dauciformis D.Q. Wang was proposed by the following characteristics, i.e. underground stem conical, ramose, basal leaves biternate, staminodes 0-6 and the length of style being about half of the ovary or as long as the ovary ( Wang 1989 ). However, S. dauciformis have been regarded as a synonym of S. adoxoides in Flora of China ( Fu and Orbelia 2001 ). According to the characteristics of the leaves dissection, S. dauciformis is similar to S. quelpaertensis , but the new species has ternate leaves, larger flowers and staminodes which are 1/2-2/3 of the length of the filaments. Additional specimen examined (paratype). KOREA. Prov. Jeju-do, Jeju-si, Eoseungsaengak, Hallasan National Park, 17 May 2017, Lee s.n. (KH!). Figure 2. Semiaquilegia quelpaertensis D.C. Son & K. Lee, photographs. A Flowering plant B Fruiting plant C Seeds. Photographs by Kang-Hyup Lee.