A new species of Paranerilla Jouin & Swedmark, 1965 (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Brazil Author Mendes, Samuel Lucas da Silva Delgado Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil slucasmendes013@gmail.com Author Rodrigues, Jaqueline Carvalho Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil rodrigues_jcr@live.com Author Rizzo, Alexandra E. 4EFF4F30-3957-4C49-834C-354966630B20 Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Zoologia, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa Cunha, 20550 - 900 Maracana, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. aerizzo@hotmail.com text European Journal of Taxonomy 2024 2024-07-03 943 144 153 https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2591/11813 journal article 299623 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2591 fa180d34-2e2c-403c-b463-a6a8f2513339 2118-9773 12636357 122E417A-0CD2-4CD5-910A-956D69F2F06F Paranerilla schiavettii sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1CA5BCBC-9EB7-4ECF-99B1-BD98565C9086 Figs 2–3 Diagnosis Specimens from grey to whitish color, with prostomium and segment 1 almost fused and about as long as each of the following segments. One acicular chaeta on noto- and one on neuropodia from chaetiger 3 to 7; 14 spiniger compound chaetae on chaetiger 1, 7–12 on chaetigers 3–7, both present as single pointed distal extensions following chaetal articulation. Prostomium, peristomium and entire dorsal and ventral body surfaces of segments 1–7 densely covered with cilia. Etymology The specific epithet ‘ schiavettii ’ was chosen to honor the professor and our friend Alexandre Schiavetti, for his important contributions to improve our scientific knowledge on marine ecology, especially marine protected areas in Brazil . Fig. 2 Paranerilla schiavettii sp. nov. , under optical microscopy and SEM. A . Dorsal view of anterior body region of a specimen stained with Shirlastain A. B . Lateral view of mid body chaetal fascicle, emphasizing the nature of spiniger compound chaetae and acicular chaetae under optical microscopy. C . Lateral view of posterior body chaetal fascicle emphasizing the nature of spiniger compound chaetae and acicular chaetae under electron microscopy. D . Ventral view of body anterior region and the two chaetal fascicles of spiniger compound chaetae. Abbreviations: As = acicular spine; Ch 1–7 = chaetigers 1–7; Co = spiniger compound chaetae; F1 = chaetiger 1 anteriormost chaetal fascicle; F2 = chaetiger 1 posteriormost chaetal fascicle. Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Santos basin • 1 complete spec. ; 25º03′46.44″ S , 45º35′45.24″ W ; depth 100 m ; 22 Jun. 2021 ; UERJ 8904 . Paratype BRAZIL – Santos basin • 8 specs without anal cirri; 26º09′24,84″ S , 47º12′59″ W ; depth 100 m ; 16 Jun. 2021 ; UERJ 8903 . Other material examined BRAZIL – Santos basin • 2 specs ; 27º01′18.8400″ S , 47º43′45.8400″ W ; depth 100 m ; 13 Jun. 2021 ; UERJ 8927 • 1 spec. ; 23°29′12.8400″ S , 43°58′30.7200″ W ; depth 75 m ; 3 Jun. 2021 ; UERJ 8928 • 1 spec. ; 24°05′20.0400″ S , 43°40′23.5200″ W ; depth 150 m ; UERJ 8929 • 5 specs ; 29°09′25.200″ S , 47°13′01.4800″ W ; depth 10 m ; 15 Jun. 2021 ; UERJ 8930 • 1 spec. ; 25°40′31.080″ S , 43°59′20.8″ W ; depth 2169 m ; 2 Jul. 2019 ; UERJ 8960 . Description Holotype complete; measuring 980 μm long for 242 μm wide. Paratypes complete, measuring 319– 870 μm long for up to 200–316 μm wide. Grey to whitish specimens, consisting of prostomium, seven chaetigers ( Fig. 2A ) and pygidium with pair of terminal cirri ( Fig. 3E ). Maximum body width always at chaetiger 4 excluding parapodia ( Fig. 2A ). Prostomium with pair of lateral horns and almost fused to chaetiger 1 ( Fig. 2D ). Prostomium up to 36 μm long, 144 μm wide including lateral horns ( Fig. 3A ); maximum length of lateral horns up to 40 μm, measured along the posterior edge. Prostomium and chaetiger 1 together about as long as each of the following segments. All body segments similar in width and length, except for slight expansion on chaetiger 4 ( Fig. 2a ). Nuchal organs not observed. Parapodia on chaetiger 1, usually about 2 × as long as length of following parapodia ( Fig. 2D ). Short cirri with strongly ciliated band on chaetiger 1 ( Fig. 2D ). Rudimentary cirri with distal cilia may be found on chaetigers 2–7, between dorsal and ventral chaetal bundles. Two pygidial cirri up to 132 μm long ( Fig. 3E ). One acicular spine on noto- and one on neuropodia of chaetigers 3–7 accompanying spinigers compound chaetae ( Fig. 3F ), one emerging ventrally to them on notopodia and another dorsally to them on neuropodia. Spiniger compound chaetae present as single pointed distal extension following chaetae articulation ( Fig. 2B ). Chaetiger 1 uniramous, bearing two chaetal fascicles ( Fig. 2D ), with maximum of 14 chaetae; segments 2–7 biramous, with one dorsal and ventral fascicles, comprising 7–12 chaetae each, highest number in chaetigers 3–5. Chaetae on chaetigers 1 and 7 longer than those of other chaetigers ( Fig. 3C ), but chaetae on chaetiger 7 slightly shorter than those on chaetiger 1 ( Fig. 3C ). Prostomium, peristomium and entire dorsal and ventral body surfaces of chaetigers 1–7 densely covered by cilia, except in gaps between ciliated bands ( Fig. 3A ) and parapodial rami on body lateral surface and among chaetal fascicles ( Fig. 2C ). Dorsally, chaetiger 1 presenting dorsal ciliary plate followed posteriorly by three transverse ciliary bands ( Fig. 3A ). Ventrally, chaetiger 1 having ventral ciliary plate around mouth opening followed posteriorly by two ventral transverse ciliary bands ( Fig. 3D ). Chaetigers 2–7 with four transverse ciliary bands each both dorsally and ventrally. Ecology Santos Basin, Brazil . From a range of 75 to 2169 meters deep. The habitat is characterized predominantly by muddy sediments on the continental slope, but some specimens were found living in sandy sediments on the continental shelf. Fig. 3 Paranerilla schiavettii sp. nov. under SEM. A . Dorsal view of anterior body region. B . Dorsal view of posterior body region. C . Dorsal view of entire body, emphasizing the number of chaetigers. D . Ventral view of body anterior region, showing the mouth ciliary plate and succeeding ciliary bands. E . Ventral view of body posterior region showing the anal cirri. F . Acicular spine of chaetiger 3 in detail. Abbreviations: Ac = anal cirrus; As = acicular spine; Ch 1–7 = chaetigers 1–7; dB1 = dorsal ciliary bands on chaetiger 1; dCP = dorsal ciliary plate; Hor = lateral horn; Mo = mouth; Pc = parapodial cirri; Pr = prostomium; vB1 = ventral ciliary band of chaetiger 1; vCP = ventral ciliary plate. Remarks Despite their morphological differences, both P. schiavettii sp. nov. and the currently valid species present 7 chaetigers, two pygidial cirri, a well developed pattern of dorsal and ventral ciliation, chaetiger 1 with cirri fully developed and rudimentary cirri in following parapodia ( Jouin & Swedmark 1965 ; Worsaae & Kristensen 2003 ). The prostomium and chaetiger 1 present large ciliated areas and the following segments present small transverse bands in P. limicola , but are densely ciliated in P. cilioscutata and P. schiavettii ( Jouin & Swedmark 1965 ; Worsaae and Kristensen 2003 ). Both species present frontal horns, compound chaetae, chaetiger 1 with small cirri, and rudimentary cirri in all following chaetigers. Paranerilla limicola differs from P. cilioscutata not only in ciliation pattern but also on chaetal arrangement. Chaetiger 1 in P. limicola presents 13–17 chaetae, but P. cilioscutata and P. schiavettii present only 14 chaetae in the same chaetiger. On the other hand, in P. schiavettii and P . limicola , the chaetae on chaetiger 1 are longer in comparison to other chaetigers. Finally, the holotype of P. schiavettii presents a maximum body width at chaetiger 4, but this characteristic is variable among specimens of P. schiavettii , with chaetiger 4 commonly similar to other chaetigers in some paratypes .