Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of three new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species Author Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany Universidad de la Amazonia, Grupo de Investigación en Entomología Universidad de la Amazonia - GIEUA-, Laboratorio de Entomología, Av. 11 5 - 69 Juan XXIII, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia & Universidad de la Amazonia, Grupo de Investigación en Entomología Universidad de la Amazonia - GIEUA-, Laboratorio de Entomología, Av. 11 5 - 69 Juan XXIII, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia & Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Author Marques, Dayse Willkenia A. 0000-0001-7260-5760 Universidad de la Amazonia, Grupo de Investigación en Entomología Universidad de la Amazonia - GIEUA-, Laboratorio de Entomología, Av. 11 5 - 69 Juan XXIII, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia & Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil willkenia@gmail.com Author Rafael, José Albertino 0000-0002-0170-0514 Universidad de la Amazonia, Grupo de Investigación en Entomología Universidad de la Amazonia - GIEUA-, Laboratorio de Entomología, Av. 11 5 - 69 Juan XXIII, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia & Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil & Universidad de la Amazonia, Grupo de Investigación en Entomología Universidad de la Amazonia - GIEUA-, Laboratorio de Entomología, Av. 11 5 - 69 Juan XXIII, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia & Universidad de la Amazonia, Grupo de Investigación en Entomología Universidad de la Amazonia - GIEUA-, Laboratorio de Entomología, Av. 11 5 - 69 Juan XXIII, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia jarafael@inpa.gov.br text Zootaxa 2023 2023-12-21 5389 4 459 472 https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.4.4/52530 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.4.4 1175-5326 10417472 F04E1D86-34CA-4161-B7BB-C980D72A6B67 Key to males of the Neotropical species of Pipunculus 1 At least one pair of tibiae with distinct apical spines.......................................................... 2 - All tibiae without distinct apical spines.................................................................... 3 2 Mid tibiae with distinct apical spines; hind tibiae without distinct apical spines and with an acute process posteroapically; apex of phallic guide with lobe and one row of inconspicuous setae laterally ( Fig. 38 ); Colombia ............ P . planus sp. nov. - Mid tibiae without distinct apical spines; hind tibiae with distinct apical spines and without an acute process posteroapically; apex of phallic guide without lobe laterally and with tuff of conspicuous setae apically [see figure 33f in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; Mexico , USA .......................................................... P. kotaneni Skevington, 1998 3 Phallic guide with depression apically [see figures 27h, 45g in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]........................ 4 - Phallic guide without depression apically [ Figs 12 , 25 and see figures 18f, 24f, 28f, 31f, 40g in Skevington & Marshall (1998) and figure 5 in Rafael (1991) ]........................................................................... 5 4 Both surstyli with inner margins straight and apices slightly inward directed [see figure 27d in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; ejaculatory apodeme narrow parasol-shaped [see figure 27f in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus short, broad and blunt [see figure 27e in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; Canada , Costa Rica , Mexico , USA ......................................................................................... P . elegantulus Williston, 1892 - Both surstyli with inner margins curved and apices strongly inward directed [see figure 45e in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; ejaculatory apodeme strongly fan-shaped [see figure 45d in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus long, thin and acute [see figure 45f in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ] USA , Mexico ............ P. xanthopodus Williston, 1892 5 Both surstyli with apices clearly directed outward [see figure 18e in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; apex of phallic guide with lobe with tip hook shape apically, very similar to the shape of the apex of phallic guide [see figure 18f in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; Costa Rica , Mexico , USA ................................................ P . abnormis Skevington, 1998 - Both surstyli with apices never directed outward [ Figs 8 , 21 , and see figures 24e, 28e 31e, 40e in Skevington & Marshall (1998) and figure 4 in Rafael (1991) ]; apex of phallic guide with lobe with straight tip never hook shaped apically, never similar to the shape of the apex of phallic guide [see figures 28f, 31f, 40g in Skevington & Marshall (1998) and figure 5 in Rafael (1991) ] or without lobe ventrally [see figure 24f in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ].......................................... 6 6 Apex of phallic guide with lobe apically [see figures 28f, 31f, 40g in Skevington & Marshall (1998) and figure 5 in Rafael (1991) ]............................................................................................. 7 - Apex of phallic guide without lobe apically [ Figs 12 , 25 , and see figure 24f in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ].......... 10 7 Ejaculatory ducts of phallus coiled [see figures 31g , 40f in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]........................... 8 - Ejaculatory ducts of phallus not coiled [see figures 28g in Skevington & Marshall (1998) and figure 5 Rafael (1991) ]...... 9 8 Both surstyli with inner margins sinuous [see figure 40e in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; apex of phallic guide with acute lobe apically [see figure 40g in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; ejaculatory apodeme with side margins rounded [see figure 40d in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; Argentina , Brazil .................................... P . rafaeli Skevington, 1998 - Both surstyli with inner margins straight [see figure 31e in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; apex of phallic guide with rounded lobe apically [see figure 31f in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; ejaculatory apodeme with side margins acute [see figure 31b in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; Canada , Guatemala , Mexico , USA ......................... P . horvathi Kertész, 1907 9 Surstyli subsymmetric with long setae dorsally and apically [see figure 28d in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; apex of phallic guide with rounded lobe ventrally and short, thin, and acute lobe apically [see figure 28f in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; Canada , Mexico , USA ................................................................. P . fuscus Loew, 1866 - Surstyli asymmetrical with short and fine setae laterally and apically [see figure 4 in Rafael (1991) ]; apex of phallic guide with triangular lobe ventrally and long, stout and rounded lobe apically [see figure 5 in Rafael (1991) ]; Argentina , Brazil ..................................................................................... P . ferepauculus Hardy, 1965 10 Both surstyli with apices forward directed in lateral view ( Fig. 8 ); apex of phallic guide without lobe ventrally ( Fig. 12 ); ejaculatory ducts of phallus coiled ( Fig. 12 ); Colombia ....................................... P . caeruleus sp. nov. - Both surstyli with apices downward directed in lateral view [ Fig. 21 , and see figure 24a in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; apex of phallic guide with lobe ventrally [ Fig. 25 , and see figure 24f in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus not coiled [ Fig. 25 , and see figure 24g in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]........................................ 11 11 Membranous area large, extending over most of the length of syntergosternite 8 [see figure 24c in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; left surstylus with apex inward directed [see figure 24e in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; apex of phallic guide with short lobe ventrally [see figure 24f in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; ejaculatory apodeme narrowed, needle-shaped [see figure 24d in Skevington & Marshall (1998) ]; Canada , Mexico , USA ........................ P . cingulatus Loew, 1866 - Membranous area short, only in apical area of syntergosternite 8 ( Fig. 21 ); left surstylus with apex downward directed ( Fig. 22 ); apex of phallic guide with large lobe ventrally ( Fig. 25 ); ejaculatory apodeme wide, fan-shaped ( Fig. 26 ); Colombia ...................................................................................... P . chiminiguagua sp. nov.