Review of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions of twelve new genera, including three genera of ' fire millipedes' (Diplopoda) Author Wesener, Thomas urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author: Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U. S. A. & Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Museumsmeile Bonn, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113 Bonn, Germany. & B 54 D 3623309 Author Enghoff, Henrik urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author: Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Author Sierwald, Petra urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author: Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U. S. A. text ZooKeys 2009 2009-09-04 19 19 1 128 journal article 10.3897/zookeys.19.221 e6ea8eea-7156-4785-8313-f4bd88dadad1 1313–2970 576503 C473F9F6-1AE7-4B3F-B17F-CA1C2709010C Hylekobolus brachiosauroides Wesener , sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 40FD10B2-63FB-4627-AAAC-6961BE9102E5 Material examined: 26 ♂, 21 ♀ , 6 imm. Holotype : 1 ♂ ( 55 mm long), FMMC W089 , Vohimena Mountains , West slope, Ivorona , 114 m , rainforest, 24°50.026’ S , 46°56.943’ E , leg. Wesener et al., 23.V.2007 . Paratypes : 3 ♂, 4 ♀ , FMMC W089 , same data as holotype ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ , ZMUC W089 , same data as holotype ; 1 ♂, ZMH W089 , same data as holotype ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ , CAS W089 , same data as holotype ; 1 ♂, ZSM W089 , same data as holotype . Other material examined : 4 ♂, 4 ♀ , W089, same data as holotype, voucher specimens deposited at the University Antananarivo ; 5 ♂, 4 ♀ , 2 imm. , FMMC W049 B, Andohahela , Isaka-Ivondro Sud , 46 m , rainforest, 24°49.690’ S , 46°51.971’ E , leg. Wesener et al., 08.VI.2007 ; 5 ♂, 4 ♀ , 2 imm. , W049B, same data as previous, voucher specimens deposited at the University Antananarivo ; 2 ♂, 2 ♀ , FMMC W099 , Ambatotsirongorongo Mountain , Grand Lavasoa , rainforest, 25°5’10.23” S , 46°44’55.93” E , rainforest, leg. Wesener et al., 14.VI.2007 ; 2 ♂, 1 ♀ , 2 imm. , W099, same data as previous, voucher specimens deposited at the University Antananarivo . Differential diagnosis: H. brachiosauroides differs in size and colour from the sympatric living H. albicollaris sp. n. The posterior gonopods ( Figs 55M, O ) of H. brachiosauroides differ from other, same-sized Hylekobolus species: the lateral margin carries a thick, swollen, well-rounded projection ( Fig. 55M ), a feature only shared with H. montanus sp. n. H. brachiosauroides differs from H. montanus sp. n. in the presence of a protruding apical process ( x ) on the posterior gonopods, a weakly protruding lateral retrorse process of the anterior gonopod ( Fig. 55N ), and a different colour pattern. Figure 55. Hylekobolus brachiosauroides sp. n. , A–H male paratype, I–K female paratype, L–O male holotype. A head, lateral view B legs 1–7 and gonopods, ventral view C telson D antennal groove E gnathochilarium, ventral view F gnathochilarium, mentum G gnathochilarium, stipites H, I right midbody legs Į right vulva, posterior view K right vulva, lateral view L anterior gonopod, anterior view M right posterior gonopod, anterior view N anterior gonopod, posterior view O right posterior gonopod, posterior view. Apo = apodeme; av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Go = gonopods; h = head; IL = incisura lateralis; L = ledges; Md = mandible; Me = mentum; O = operculum; Pre = preanal ring; pv = posterior valve; St = sternite; St-Cx = sterno-coxite; ST = stipites; T = telopodite. Scale bars = 1 mm. Description . Measurements : males with 50 or 51 rings, 53–62 mm long, 4.8–5.2 mm wide. Females with 50 or 51 rings, 58–72 mm long, 5.1–6.0 mm wide. Coloration: anterior part of head and collum, posterior part of telson and posterior margin of body rings lightly red or white ( Figs 53A , 55A, C ). Legs and antennae white ( Fig. 53A ). Anterior part of body rings, telson, posterior part of head and collum black ( Figs 53A , 55A ). Eyes with 40–44 ocelli ( Fig. 55D ). Anterior gonopod sternite basally wide, apically elevated into a triangular lobe with a triangular, wide, well-rounded tip ( Fig. 55L ). Mesal process of coxite wide and only slightly protruding ( Fig. 55L ). Apical process of telopodite large and well-rounded. Retrorse margin wide, not projecting above telopodite margin ( Fig. 55N ). Margin of apical process basally wide and projecting ( Fig. 55N ). Posterior gonopods telopodite bent 90° ( Fig. 55O ). Lateral margin with a thick, swollen, well-rounded projection ( w , Fig. 55M ). Apical process ( x ) apically slender, basally with a widely protruding margin ( Fig. 55M ). Membranous lobe ( y ) rectangular ( Fig. 55M ). Projection of sperm canal ( z ) long and slender, slightly curved towards apical process ( Fig. 55M ). Intraspecific variation: coloration of the posterior margin of body ring varies in adults between white and reddish, while it is always white in imm.. Distribution and ecology : this species was found in the isolated Ambatotsirongorongo Mountain, the Andohahela Isaka-Ivondro corridor as well as on the western slopes of the Vohimena Mountain ( Fig. 54 ). H. brachiosauroides could not be collected north of the Isaka-Ivondro corridor, where H. goodmani sp. n. and H. montanus sp. n. occur. In the eastern Vohimena slopes, H. rufus sp. n. replaces H. brachiosauroides . All individuals were collected inside dead logs. Etymology : brachiosauroides , adjective, refers to the dinosaur genus Brachiosaurus , whose neck and head closely resemble the general shape of the posterior gonopods of this millipede.