Distribution and habitat preferences of Galápagos ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Author
Herrera Léon Baert Wouter Dekoninck, Henri W.
Author
Causton, Charlotte E.
Author
Sevilla, Christian R.
Author
Pozo, Paola
Author
Hendrickx, Frederik
text
Belgian Journal of Entomology
2020
93
1
60
journal article
302430
10.5281/zenodo.13710313
83b9d93e-6482-4509-82e7-d477e479612b
2295-0214
13710313
2612CE09-F7FF-45CD-B52E-99F04DC2AA56
Odontomachus bauri
Emery, 1892
(ANTWEB: CASENT0173305). (
Map 48
)
This species is found on some Caribbean Islands as well as from south of
Nicaragua
down to
Brazil
(including the Galápagos Islands) (
KEMPF
, 1972
;
BROWN
, 1976
;
BRANDÃO
, 1991
;
BOLTON
, 2006
). It usually occurs in the humid areas of the inhabited islands of Galápagos. The first specimens were collected in 1891 on
San Cristóbal Island
(
EMERY
, 1893
). This species was probably introduced to the archipelago through human activities (
WHEELER
, 1919;
BROWN
, 1976
). Nests can be found under rocks in dry areas as well as in rotten logs at the base of dead trunks and roots.
Odontomachus bauri
can be found in natural areas near the coast hidden under the vegetation (
C. pyriformis
and mangroves) on sandy beaches, in forests of
S. pedunculata
,
P. floribunda
and
H. mancinella
, and in secondary succession forests of
P. guajava
,
C. odorata
,
and
C. pubescens
. In the humid zone it is a visitor of leaf litter where it probably forages on invertebrates, especially ants and termites (
EHMER
&
HÖLLDOBLER
, 1995
). This species has also been observed in vegetation composed of grasses (
H. glutinosa
,
E. pilosa
,
S. setosa
), ferns (
P. aquilinum
,
Asplenium
sp.
) sedges and herbs (
P. conjugatum
,
Rhynchospora
sp.
,
S. salviifolia
,
C. asiatica
,
Galactia
sp.
).
Odontomachus bauri
has been collected in disturbed areas and is more common in the humid agricultural zones. It has been collected in crops of
C. arabica
,
A. cepa
,
S. betaceum
,
S. lycopersicum
,
M. esculenta
,
Z. mays
,
B. oleracea var. capitata
,
C. annuum
,
A. comosus
,
M. paradisiaca
,
B. oleracea
var.
botrytis
and
C. sativus
. In urban zones it can be observed in gardens foraging in grass (
Z. matrella var. pacifica
). It has been found building its nests at the base of trunks of
Acacia
sp.
,
O. megasperma
,
C. limon
,
S. purpurea
. Its presence on tour ships (
LOMAS
, 2008
) suggests that this is a mechanism for its dispersal to other islands. It is considered a minor threat in the
Galápagos
(
CAUSTON
et al
., 2006
).