New orchids in the flora of Vietnam VIII (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae, tribes Malaxideae, Neottieae and Podochileae) Author Averyanov, Leonid V. 0000-0001-8031-2925 Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Prof. Popov Street, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia av_leonid@mail.ru Author Nguyen, Van Canh 0000-0001-9578-0342 Institute of Applied Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, No. 6, Tran Van On Street, Phu Hoa Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam nguyenvancanh@tdmu.edu.vn Author Vuong, Truong Ba 0000-0003-3452-8455 Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 85, Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam bavuong2019@yahoo.com Author Nuraliev, Maxim S. 0000-0001-8291-2633 Department of Higher Plants, Biological Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1, 12, Leninskie Gory, 119234, Moscow, Russia & Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Scientific and Technological Center, 63, Nguyen Van Huyen Street, Cau Giay District, 122000, Hanoi, Vietnam max.nuraliev@gmail.com Author Nguyen, Khang Sinh 0000-0001-5171-4140 Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18, Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam & Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18, Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam nskhang@gmail.com Author Maisak, Tatiana V. 0000-0001-5919-6755 Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Prof. Popov Street, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia tmaisak@mail.ru Author Yudova, Daria A. 0000-0002-3214-5795 Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Prof. Popov Street, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia gloomy_lars@mail.ru Author Saidov, Nikita T. 0000-0002-3940-6628 Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Prof. Popov Street, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia nick-saidov@yandex.ru Author Nguyen, Cuong Huu 0000-0003-2281-741X Vietnam National University of Forestry, Xuan Mai, Chuong My, Hanoi, Vietnam nguyenhuucuong.tvr@gmail.com Author Nong, Duy Van 0000-0002-1509-4412 Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Da Lat, Vietnam nongvanduy07@yahoo.com.vn text Phytotaxa 2024 2024-07-02 658 1 1 49 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.658.1.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.658.1.1 1179-3163 13217417 Listera anthropophora Aver. & V.C.Nguyen , sp. nov. ( Fig. 1 & 2A ) Diagnosis: —The new species differs from the closest Listera yunnanensis in glabrous peduncle, hispid rachis, glabrous pedicels, broader sepals ( 1.4–1.6 mm wide) and petals ( 1–1.2 mm wide), entirely glabrous lip, side lobes of lip erect, spathulate, broadening towards apex, and column with anther prominently bent back at 90°. Type: — VIETNAM . Lao Cai Province : Bat Xat District, evergreen broad-leaved forest at elevation of about 2500 m a.s.l., living plants collected by unknown collector in October 2023 , type herbarium specimen prepared on 3 November 2023 , Nguyen Van Canh, L . Averyanov, T . Maisak, AL 2439 ( holotype LE LE 01253791! https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=212990, photos of plant used for preparation of the type herbarium specimen LE LE 01124550 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=207739, drawing LE LE 01124776 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=213009). Description:—Herb terrestrial, autotrophic. Rhizome underground, thin, light brownish, glabrous, bearing a few distant, wiry, white roots. Stem erect, light greenish to almost white, terete, 26–32 cm tall (including inflorescence), 1.5–2 mm in diameter, glabrous, with 3–4 scarious thin tubular sheaths at base. Leaves 2, arranged at middle of stem, pseudo-opposite, sessile, grassy green adaxially, pale green to almost white abaxially, broadly ovate, 4.5–5.5 cm long, 3.5–4 cm wide, glabrous, base slightly cordate, apex acute or apiculate. Peduncle 7–8 cm long, glabrous, with 2 distant sterile bracts; bracts narrowly triangular, 5–16 mm long, glabrous, apex acuminate. Inflorescence a raceme; rachis 5–7 cm long, hispid, laxly 10–15-flowered; floral bracts narrowly triangular, as long as pedicels or slightly shorter, glabrous. Pedicel 4–4.5 mm long, glabrous, prominently bent upwards near the apex. Ovary fusiform, about 3 mm long, glabrous. Flowers widely opening, glabrous; sepals and petals spreading, indistinctly 1-veined. Median sepal narrowly ovate, 2.5–3 mm long, 1.4–1.6 mm wide, blunt to obtuse at apex. Lateral sepals narrowly ovate, somewhat oblique, 3–3.2 mm long, 1.4–1.6 mm wide, obtuse. Petals oblong, slightly oblique, as long as sepals, 1–1.2 mm wide, blunt to roundish at apex. Lip narrowly obovate in outline, 7.5–8.5 mm long, 2.5–3 mm wide, at base with side lobes, median lobe apex deeply 2-lobuled; side lobes directed towards lip base, erect, spathulate, broadened towards apex, 1.4–1.6 mm long, 0.4–0.5 mm wide; lobules of median lobe diverging at a sharp angle, narrowly triangular, slightly falcate inwards, acuminate to shortly caudate, 3.8–4.2 mm long; disk fleshy, at center with 2 short, low, fleshy keels, near base with 2 lateral fold-like teeth placed more proximally than side lobes. Column 0.8–1 mm tall on stalk 0.4–0.5 mm long; stigma orbicular; rostellum insignificant; anther narrowly ovoid, 0.4–0.5 mm long, bent back at 90°. Capsule narrowly obovoid, 6-ribbed, 6.5–7 mm long, 3.5–4 mm in diameter. Etymology: —The species name refers to the anthropomorphic shape of the flower lip. Habitat and phenology: —Terrestrial rhizomatous herb. Evergreen broad-leaved forest on granite at elevation of about 2500 m a.s.l., on wet mossy ground. Very rare. Flowers likely in August–September. Distribution: —Endemic to NW Vietnam ( Lao Cai Province : Bat Xat District). Conservation status: — Listera anthropophora is known from a single location. Taking into consideration the very small area of its expected occurrence and extensive selected logging in this area, we estimate the conservation status of this species as globally Critically Endangered (CR) following the formal criteria proposed by the IUCN (2024) : A2a,b; B1a,b(i–iii)+2a,b(i–iii); C1+2(i,ii). In details, we estimate (within the statements employed by the IUCN):—expected population reduction for 10 years or 3 generation ≥ 80% is not reversible (A2), based on direct observation (a) and observed decline of the area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and habitat quality (b);—the area of occurrence < 100 km ² (B1) and the area of occupancy < 10 km ² (B2), with 1 known population (a) and continuing observed decline of extent of occurrence (bi); the area of occupancy (bii); area, quality of habitat (biii);—the number of mature individuals <250, estimated or projected continuing decline in 25% in 3 years or 1 generation (C1), and observed, estimated, projected or inferred continuing decline when the number of mature individuals in each subpopulation (C2(i)) ≤ 50 and 90–100% of mature individuals in one subpopulation (C2(ii)). Notes: — Listera anthropophora is morphologically very close to Listera yunnanensis S.C. Chen (1981: 759 , see also Chen et al. 2009 ), but distinctly differs from the latter species in shorter stem 26–32 cm (vs. 37–47.5 cm ) tall, glabrous (vs. pubescent) peduncle, rachis 5–7 cm long, hispid, 10–15-flowered (vs. rachis 14–16 cm long, pubescent, 24–35-flowered), glabrous (vs. sparsely pubescent) pedicel, broader sepals ( 1.4–1.6 mm vs. 1–1.3 mm wide) and petals ( 1–1.2 mm vs. 0.5–0.6 mm wide), entirely glabrous lip (vs. lip minutely ciliate along the margin), side lobes of lip erect, spathulate, broadening to the apex, 1.4–1.6 mm long, 0.4–0.5 mm wide (vs. side lobes horizontally or down directed, ovate-oblong, tapering to the apex, about 1.3 mm long, 0.6 mm wide), disk with 2 short, low, fleshy keels (vs. disk with 2 swollen, suborbicular lamellae), and anther prominently bent back at 90° (vs. anther erect to suberect). The prominent erect spathulate side lobes of lip broadened towards the apex is a unique feature that is unknown from all the other species of the genus.