Taxonomic review of the tree snail genus Amphidromus Albers, 1850 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) in Laos, with the description of two new species Author Inkhavilay, Khamla 2E620B9C-48BA-48E6-A017-FE8ED2AB0E59 Email: kinkhavilay @ gmail. com & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 2 E 620 B 9 C- 48 BA- 48 E 6 - A 017 - FE 8 ED 2 AB 0 E 59 kinkhavilay@gmail.com Author Sutcharit, Chirasak C2E2FA6B-A3F9-4F33-B447-B59B1BD322D4 urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 2 E 2 FA 6 B-A 3 F 9 - 4 F 33 - B 447 - B 59 B 1 BD 322 D 4 & Corresponding authors: jirasak 4 @ yahoo. com; somsak. pan @ chula. ac. th jirasak4@yahoo.com Author Panha, Somsak AC935098-D901-4F35-A414-4B0D4FE44E79 urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: AC 935098 - D 901 - 4 F 35 - A 414 - 4 B 0 D 4 FE 44 E 79 & Corresponding authors: jirasak 4 @ yahoo. com; somsak. pan @ chula. ac. th jirasak4@yahoo.com text European Journal of Taxonomy 2017 2017-06-13 330 1 40 journal article 22089 10.5852/ejt.2017.330 14d5ad89-9e69-45f8-bc61-e14ca9deafbd 2118-9773 3829744 FDFA7FAC-FC92-404B-9058-A426DAB6C693 Amphidromus ( Syndromus ) flavus (Pfeiffer, 1861) Figs 1 , 9B , 10 E−K, 11C–D, 12A−C; Table 1 Bulimus flavus Pfeiffer, 1861a: 194 . Type locality: Siam [ Thailand ]. Amphidromus flavus var. proxima Fulton, 1896: 81 , pl. 6, fig. 4. Type locality: Unknown. Sutcharit et al . 2015: 85 , fig. 13c. Amphidromus xiengensis var. tryoni Pilsbry, 1900: 196–197 , pl. 63, fig. 78. Type locality: Laos Mountains, Cambodia . Amphidromus sinensis var. indistinctus Pilsbry, 1900: 192 , pl. 62, fig. 70. Type locality: Laos Mountains, Cambodia . Bulimus flavus – Pfeiffer 1861b: 171 , pl. 46, figs 7–8. — Morelet 1875 : 265 . Amphidromus flavus – Fulton 1896: 81 . — Ancey 1898: 134 . — Pilsbry 1900: 197–198 , pl. 63, figs 92–93. — Laidlaw & Solem 1961 : 563–564 , 619. Amphidromus flavus var. proximus – Pilsbry, 1900: 198 , pl. 63, fig. 94. Amphidromus xiengensis var. proxima – Laidlaw & Solem 1961: 565 , 652. Material examined Type material THAILAND : Lectotype , NHMUK 19601436 ( Sutcharit et al . 2015 : fig. 7i); paralectotype , NHMUK 19601437 (1 shell). UNKNOWN LOCALITY: Holotype of var. “ proxima ” Fulton, 1896 , NHMUK 1896.6.13.48 ( Sutcharit et al . 2015 : fig. 13c). CAMBODIA : Holotype of var. “ indistinctus ” Pilsbry, 1900 , ANSP 31486 ( Fig. 10 H ). CAMBODIA : Lectotype of var. “ tryoni ” Pilsbry, 1900 , ANSP 31488 ( Fig. 10 I ); paralectoypes, ANSP 252745 (2 shells, Fig. 10 J ). Other material LAOS : 5 shells, park at the temple mountain, Luang Phrabang ( NHMUK ex. Brandt collection No. 17320); 20 shells, Tempelberg (Temple Mount), Luang Phrabang ( ZMB ex. Lehmann collection); 33 shells, Wat Phousy (temple), Luang Phrabang ( CUMZ 7025); 3 shells ( Fig. 10 K , CUMZ 7026), 7 specimens , in ethanol ( Figs 9 B , 11 C–D, 12A−C, CUMZ 7027), Ban Na Deauy, Luang Phrabang District, Luang Phrabang; 5 shells, Mouhot’s Tomb, E bank of Kan River, Luang Phrabang District, Luang Phrabang ( CUMZ 7028); 16 shells ( Fig. 10 E−G), Tam Pou Kham, Vang Vieng District, Vientiane ( CUMZ 7029). Description Shell sinistral, small, ovate conical, small, thin and glossy. Spire conical; apex acute yellowish, with black spot on tip. Whorls 5 and 6 convex; suture depressed; last whorl rounded to well rounded. Periostracum transparent to thin corneous. Last whorl processes uniform yellowish; Bands 1 to 3 usually absent; Bands 4 and 5 absent or present with indistinct bands; Band 6 usually absent or sometimes present as scantly reddish band. Parietal callus thin and transparent.Aperture ovate to sub-ovate; peristome weakly thickened and shortly expanded; lip whitish. Columella straight and white. Umbilicus opened to narrowly opened. Radula Fig. 12. SEM images of the radula. A–C . Amphidromus flavus (Pfeiffer, 1861) from Ban Na Deauy, Luang Phrabang, Laos (CUMZ 7027). D–F . Amphidromus xiengensis Morlet, 1891 from Ban Na Deauy, Luang Phrabang, Laos (CUMZ 7037). G–I . Amphidromus fuscolabris Möllendorff, 1898 from Ban Phone, Sekong, Laos (CUMZ 7041). A, D, G = central tooth with the first to fifth or sixth lateral teeth; B, E, H = lateral teeth with the tricuspid marginal teeth transition; C, F, I = outermost marginal teeth. Numbers indicate the order of the lateral and marginal teeth. Central tooth indicated by ‘C’. Teeth arranged in V-shaped rows, each row contains about 166 (84-(7-10)-1-(8-12)-81) teeth. Central tooth tricuspid; mesocone of triangular shape; ectocones small, with pointed cusp. Lateral teeth tricuspid; endocone small and rounded cusps; mesocone large and truncated cusp; ectocone very small, pointed cusp and located at base of teeth. Lateral teeth gradually transformed to elongated marginal teeth. Marginal teeth tricuspid, start around tooth number 8 to 12; endocone elongate with dull cusps and separated from mesocome by wide notch; mesocone large, elongate and curved cusps; ectocone small, with pointed cusps or sometimes serrated shape ( Fig. 12 A−C). Genital organs Atrium (at) rather long (n = 5). Penis (p) long, cylindrical and enlarged from middle to end. Epiphallus (e) cylindrical, length longer than that of penis; flagellum (fl) short and one fourth as long as epiphallus; appendix absent. Penial retractor muscle (pr) thickened and relatively short. Vas deferens (vd) small tube, connecting epiphallus and free oviduct ( Fig. 11C ). Internal penial wall corrugated into thin penial pilasters, which form fringe around penial verge. Penial verge conical, with smooth surface and orifice open near tip ( Fig. 11D ). Vagina cylindrical, long, slender about two times as long as penis length. Gametolytic duct long, proximal to genital orifice almost same diameter as vagina, distally tapering; distal to genital orifice small tube of about same length as proximal part and connected to gametolytic sac. Oviduct and albumin gland small ( Fig. 11C ). Internally, vaginal wall shows longitudinal vaginal pilasters (vp); pilasters very narrow and thin ( Fig. 11D ). Distribution The distribution range of the species is from Vientiane to Luang Phrabang Provinces. Remarks Amphidromus flavus differs from A. sinensis (Benson, 1851) in having a smaller shell, the spire more ovate and conical, with a single reddish band on the penultimate whorl. It can be distinguished from A. xiengensis in having a smaller shell, ovate conical, without any band on yellowish ground color or on shell sculpture. It differs from A. globonevilli Sutcharit & Panha, 2015 by having a larger shell size, and it is smaller than A. principalis Sutcharit & Panha, 2015 . In comparison, A. globonevilli has an elongate conical shell and a faint yellow spiral band below the periphery, while A. principalis has a more elongate conical shell, last whorl without any band, aperture ovate. In our collection we found two types identified as A. flavus and A. flavus var. “ proxima ”, living sympatrically at Luang Phrabang and Vang Vieng. Three subspecific entities have been proposed; however, we recognize them as a single biological species, A. flavus . 1. Typical form: monochrome yellowish shell and Bands 1 to 6 absent ( Sutcharit et al . 2015 : fig. 7i–j, for the lectotype and paralectotype ). 2. var. “ proxima ” Fulton, 1896 : monochrome yellowish shell, Bands 4 and 5 are indistinct pale brownish bands ( Sutcharit et al . 2015 : fig. 13c, for the holotype ). 3. var. “ tryoni ” Pilsbry, 1900 : Band 1 yellowish, Bands 2 and 3 absent, Bands 4 and 5 brownish and Band 6 absent. In some specimens, brownish blotches of Bands 2 and 3 present in the earlier whorls and disappeared in the penultimate and last whorls ( Fig. 10 I−K). 4. var. “ indistinctus ” Pilsbry, 1900 : identical to var. “ proxima Fulton, 1896 ” ( Fig. 10H ).