Latest Triassic and Early Jurassic Spiriferinida (Brachiopoda) of Zealandia (New Zealand and New Caledonia)
Author
Macfarlan, Donald Alexander Bankier
text
Zootaxa
2023
2023-05-01
5277
1
1
58
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5277.1.1
journal article
10.11646/zootaxa.5277.1.1
a35539a7-5cd6-48c1-8909-4f3a2eb5b3ae
1175-5326
7891491
9273881B-D09E-4958-B1CD-59E97339BF32
Callospiriferina radiata
(
Hector, 1886
)
Fig. 8F
,
Fig. 17
: 1–24,
Fig. 18
: 1–6.
1886
Spiriferina radiata
Hector
, p. 70, fig. 36 no. 4.
1953
Spiriferina radiata
Hector
; Marwick, p. 85, pl. 15, fig. 19, 20.
1978
Spiriferina radiata
Hector
; Suggate
et al.
p. 713, fig. 11.7 13.
1981
Spiriferina radiata
Hector
; Speden & Keyes, p. 44, pl. 17.13.
1992 “
Spiriferina
”
radiata
Hector
; Damborenea & Manceñido p. 139, Pl. 2 fig. 6–10.
2009
Mentzelia radiata
(
Hector, 1886
)
; MacFarlan
et al.
p. 266.
Neotype
.
BR
1121, from E45/F 9440, GS337. An internal mould of a ventral valve, with damage to apex and part of posterior. Collected by
A. McKay
1878. Designated as neotype by
Marwick (1953)
.
Material
. A total of
116 specimens
from 11 collections were catalogued, of which 75 yielded valid measurements.
Kawhia Syncline.
Dactylioceras
band
, Kawhia:
R
15/f8005 (
AU
6425). Paparoa Point, Taharoa:
R
16/f6811 (
AU
8363). Upper Awakino Valley:
R
17/f317 (
AU
9490).
Southland
Syncline.
Heale Ridge: E45/f085 (McF E49). Conical Hill: E45/f9440 (
GS
337), E45/f9860 (
JDC
1837, McF C8, GS 7736,
AU
12474). Otapiri Gorge: E45/f9441 (
GS
338), E45/f9553 (
JDC
738), E45/f9787 (
GS
7257). Lora–Otapiri Divide: E45/f9731 (?
GS
7562). Mokoreta River bank, near Wyndham: F46/f9504 (?
GS
7562).
Description
. Spiriferinide of medium size, wider than long, (ventral valve generally
8–18 mm
long, valves
12–25 mm
wide). High procline umbo on ventral valve. Hingeline long, straight, with maximum width anterior of hingeline, outline anterior of hingeline rounded.
Dorsal valve with generally rounded outline, moderately convex, with narrow, rounded fold.
Ventral valve hemipyramidal with high umbo, which is generally anterior of the hingeline. Interarea broad, triangular, sulcus shallow, relatively narrow.
Both valves generally with four to six rounded costae on each flank, weakening towards margins. On some specimens the costae are very weak or not developed. Costae crossed by fine growth-lines and foliaceous growth lamellae. No costae in sulcus or fold. Exterior with fine tubular spines, in general only the spine bases are preserved (
Fig. 8F
). Shell material punctate (
Fig.18.6b
).
Ventral valve with short, relatively thick, straight, divergent dental plates bounding delthyrium and extending to apex. Median septum high, narrow wall-like, about half of valve length, extending to apex but ending anterior of delthyrium opening, not connected with dental plates (
Fig. 17.2a, 17.5a
), Delthyrium narrow, triangular, open (
Fig. 17.4b, 17.5c
).
Dorsal valve with narrow rounded hinge plate, shallow, well-separated sockets. Small round or transversely elongate cardinal process. Some specimens with paired, slightly incised muscle scars separated by low ridge-like median septum (
Fig. 17.24
).
Dimensions
.
Dimensions of the
neotype
and of two
Kawhia Syncline
specimens, and statistics for specimens from key
Southland
Syncline
areas are shown in
Table 6
.
FIGURE 17.
Callospiriferina radiata
.
(x1.5). 1 Holotype NZGS BR 1121 (E45/f9440) ventral valve (a) posterior (b) anterior. Photos: M. Terezow. 2 C4259 (E45/f9860) internal mould of ventral valve (a) ventral (b) posterior. 3 BR 3304 (E45/f9440) internal mould of ventral valve. 4 C3046 (E45/f9860) internal mould of ventral valve (a) ventral (b) posterior (c) latex of interior. 5 C4257 (E45/f9860) internal mould of ventral valve (a) ventral (b) lateral (c) posterior. 6 C3048 (E45/f9860) dorsal valve, latex of exterior. 7 OU 46851 (E45/f9860) internal mould of ventral valve. 8 OU 46817 (E45/f9860) internal mould of ventral valve (a) ventral (b) lateral (c) posterior. 9 OU 47167 (E45/f9860) dorsal valve, latex of exterior. 10 C4264 (E45/f9860) internal mould of ventral valve (a) ventral (b) lateral (c) posterior (d) anterior. 11 OU 46865 (E45/f9860) internal mould of ventral valve. 12 OU 46861 (E45/f9860) ventral valve (a) internal mould (b) latex of exterior. 13 C4036 (E45/f9860) internal mould of ventral valve (a) ventral (b) lateral (c) posterior. 14 OU 46868 (E45/f9860) internal mould of ventral valve (a) ventral (b) posterior. 15 BR 3292 (E45/f9860) ventral valve, latex of exterior. 16 OU 46888 (E45/f0085) dorsal valve, latex of exterior. 17 OU 47170 (E45/f9860) internal mould of dorsal valve. 18 OU 46820 (E45/f0085) internal mould of ventral valve (a) ventral (b) lateral (c) posterior. 19 C4034 (E45/f9860) ventral valve, posterior view of latex. 20 OU 46821 (E45/f0085) internal mould of both valves (a) dorsal (b) ventral (c) lateral (d) posterior (e) anterior. 21 OU 46878 (E45/f0085) internal mould of ventral valve. OU 46879 (ventral valve) also in view. 22 OU 46889 (E45/f0085) dorsal valve, latex of exterior. 23 C4260 (E45/f9860) internal mould of ventral valve. 24 C3049 (E45/f9860) internal mould of dorsal valve.
TABLE 6.
Dimensions,
Callospiriferina radiata
.
| FR no. |
specimen |
Lv |
Ld |
W |
H |
Ha |
Wp |
UA |
material
|
notes
|
| E45/f9440 |
BR 1121 |
12.3 |
24.5+ |
11.5 |
8.3 |
vv int |
NEOTYPE |
| R15/f8005 |
B818 |
9.9 |
16.2 |
2.8 |
3.7 |
105 |
vv shelly |
Only Kawhia |
| R17/f317 |
B734 |
18.8 |
33.7 |
6.2 |
14.7 |
138.0 |
vv int, ext |
Syncline specimens |
| measured |
| E45/f9860 |
Mean |
12.9 |
12.7 |
19.6 |
12.1 |
7.2 |
6.6 |
107.5 |
55 specimens measured |
| Conical Hill |
S.D. |
5.31 |
5.47 |
6.73 |
4.55 |
3.12 |
2.44 |
47.84 |
| E45/f085 |
Mean |
13.8 |
13.5 |
21.3 |
9.0 |
6.9 |
7.8 |
124.8 |
14 specimens measured |
| Heale Ridge |
S.D. |
5.41 |
4.73 |
6.39 |
4.50 |
2.88 |
2.65 |
45.21 |
Range and distribution.
This species is common in the Lower Ururoan of the Otapiri Gorge (Conical Hill and nearby Otapiri Gorge localities, Heale Ridge). Most of the material comes from E45/f9860 (Otapiri Gorge north of Conical Hill) and Heale Ridge (E45/f0085).
It
is not recorded from
New Caledonia
, and only
two specimens
have been found in the
Kawhia Syncline
, one from the
Dactylioceras
band
(
R15
/f8005
AU 6425
) and one from the
upper Awakino Valley
(
R17
/f317,
AU 9490
)
.
Remarks
.
Damborenea & Manceñido (1992)
discussed the “
Spiriferina
”
radiata
–
tumida
plexus in the Pliensbachian of western
Argentina
, which involves range of forms that are close to
C. radiata
and differ at a subspecies level from
C. tumida
.