New species of Endecous (Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae, Luzarinae) from the Iguaçu National Park (Brazil), including bioacoustics, cytogenetic and distribution data Author Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B. Author Szinwelski, Neucir Author Fianco, Marcos Author Oliveira, Elliott Centeno De Author De Mello, Francisco De A. G. Author Zefa, Edison text Zootaxa 2017 4237 3 454 470 journal article 36375 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.3.2 e5d5dc17-a9b5-480d-a5f5-6675e92fa630 1175-5326 344736 BC7FE3FF-4B54-41FB-B74D-0AAAB784CD3B Endecous ( Endecous ) naipi Souza-Dias n. sp. Figures 2 (B, D), 4, 5. Type locality. Brazil , Paraná State, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (Iguaçu National Park). Type material. Holotype, male 1 male paratype. Holotype : BR [ Brazil ], Paraná , Foz do Iguaçu. Parque das Aves. 03.xii.2010 . Dias, P.G.B.S. col. ( MZSP ) . Paratype : BR [ Brazil ], Paraná , Céu Azul. Parque Nacional do Iguaçu. 10.x.2012 . Dias, P.G.B.S. col. (PSD36) ( MZSP ). Etymology. The name naipi is given in allusion to the myth of the creation of the Iguaçu Falls, as told by the naipi people. According to the myth, Taroba was a warrior that fell in love with Naipi , daughter of the tribal chief. However, Naipi was promised to the snake-god M’Boy . During a ceremony, the couple ran away using a small boat through the Iguaçu river, and was persecuted by M’Boy . The furious god dug the river, creating the waterfalls, in which the couple fell out. Then, M’Boy turned Taroba in a palm tree and Naipi in a stone, at the Iguaçu Falls. Diagnosis. Within the genus, E. naipi n. sp. can be recognized by the following characters: males FWs square, reaching the 4th abdominal tergite; mirror sub-triangular, with four cells; harp with four well-visible veins; lateral field with transversal veins. Phallic complex elongated; pseudepiphallic arms lateral, straight, apex upcurved, without membranous sphere; sclerite A ventral, reaching PsP1, not fused with pseudepiphallic arms; dorsal ectophallic projections (D.Ec.P.) weak, thin, barely visible; endophallic sclerite proximal, sub-triangular, without endophallic apodeme. Description. General body coloration yellowish to medium brown, almost uniform ( Fig. 4 A). Head . Dorsum with soft pubescence, yellowish brown, with two lines thin, medium brown toward the vertex. Vertex and fastigium medium brown. Fastigium little wider than long, narrower than scape, slightly narrower toward the apex, with a double row of small bristles, and without the spot observed in E. chape sp. n. Ocelli absent. Eyes obovate, prominent. Antennal scape light to medium brown. Antenna not annulated; antenomeres medium brown ( Figs 4 A, B). Frons light brown, almost uniform, maculae inconspicuous. Gena light brown ( Fig. 4 B). Clypeus, labrum and mandibles light brown. Maxillary palpi elongated, thin; joints 1–2 whitish, joints 3–5 elongate, medium brown; joint 5 the longest, apical third of joint 5 curved, apex rounded, whitish ( Figs 4 A, B). Thorax . Pronotum DD wider than long, slightly pubescent, general coloration medium brown ( Figs 4 A–C); anterior portion with two spots yellowish brown with reticulated lines medium brown ( Figs 4 B, C); two blotches large, yellowish brown, on median portion, divided by stripe medium brown, which is divided by a line yellowish brown that goes from the anterior to posterior portion of DD ( Figs 4 B, C); posterior part with two spots yellowish brown ( Fig 4 C); DD cephalic and caudal margins sub-straight ( Figs 4 B, C); LL light brown; ventro-cephalic angle slightly salient, rounded, ventro-caudal angle almost straight, ventral margin gradually ascendant ( Figs 4 A, B). Legs . Legs I and II yellowish to medium brown, not annulated ( Fig. 4 A). Auditory tympanum present on both sides of TI; internal tympanum oval, small, barely visible; external rounded. TI with two same-sized ventral apical spurs; TII with two same-sized ventral apical spurs, and one dorsal, internal. FIII light to medium brown, with diagonal medium brown stripes, distal half medium brown ( Figs 4 A, B). TIII medium brown; subapical spurs 4/4, the first smaller and associated to the apical; serrulation between and above subapical spurs 1 and 2; apical spurs 3/3, more developed on inner face; dorsal apical spurs the largest on both faces ( Fig. 4 G). Basitarsus I, II and III medium brown; basitarsus III with double row of spines ( Fig. 4 G). Abdomen . Medium to yellowish brown, pubescent ( Fig. 4 A). Supra anal plate medium brown, with spots yellowish brown and macula central, yellowish brown ( Figs. 4 D, E); anterior margin concave, posterior margin rounded, without distal projections ( Figs. 4 D, E). Subgenital plate wider than long; anterior margin sub-straight, posterior margin broad, rounded, without distal projections ( Fig. 4 F). Cerci long, light to medium brown ( Fig. 4 A). Male . FWs membranous, square, reaching the 4th abdominal tergite ( Figs 4 A–C); right FW hard, medium brown ( Figs 2 B, 4A–C); left FW membranous, transparent; stridulatory vein present, with ca . 83 - 87 teeth (n=02) ( Figs. 2 B, 4A, C); mirror sub-triangular, with four cells ( Figs 2 B, C, 4C); harp with four veins ( Figs 2 B, C, 4C); lateral field with transversal veins ( Figs 2 B, D). Male genitalia. Phallic complex elongated ( Figs 5 A, C, D). Pseudepiphallus: median part of the pseudepiphallic sclerite fused; pseudepiphallic arms lateral, straight, apex upcurved, without membranous sphere ( Figs 5 A, B); sclerite A ventral, reaching PsP1, not fused with pseudepiphallic arms ( Figs 5 C–E). PsP1 and PsP2 connected, not forming a circular structure ( Fig. 5 C); PsP2 curved inwards ( Figs 5 A, B). Ectophallic invagination: ectophallic apodeme short, but longer than in E. chape n. sp . , robust ( Fig. 5 A); ectophallic arc below the median part of the pseudepiphallic sclerite ( Fig. 5 A); dorsal ectophallic projections weak, thin, barely visible ( Figs 5 A, D); ventral ectophallic projections long, apex straight, rounded ( Figs 5 D, E); ectophallic fold membranous. Endophallus: endophallic sclerite proximal, sub-triangular ( Figs 5 A, D), without endophallic apodeme. Female. Unknown. Measurements (mm). Males (n=2): HW—3.6; IOD—1.9; PL—3.1 (3.2–3); AWP—3.65 (3.6–3.7); PWP— 5.05 (5–5.1); PW—5.25 (5.1–5.4); FWL—8.8 (8.6–9); FWW—6.55 (6.4–6.7); LFIII—13.8 (13.6–14); WFIII—4 (3.9–4.1); LTIII—14.5 (14–14.1); LBt–III—4.9 (4.8–5). TABLE 1 . Calling song parameters of Endecous chape n. sp . Spp.—specimens; PD—phrase duration; SP/P—number of subphrase per phrase; PPS—number of pulses per subphrase; SP—subphrase period; SPD—subphrase duration; SFIsubphrase interval; DF—dominant frequency (kHz); T—temperature o C.

Spp.	PD	SP/P	PPS	SP	SPD	SFI	DF	T
EFM02	2.23± 0.17 (2–2.59) n=11)	11.64±1.15 (10–14) n=11)	5.50±1.93 (3–12) n=127	0.19±0.04 (0.13–0.40) n=116	0.12±0.04 (0.06–0.26) n=127	0.08±0.02 (0.05–0.16) n=116	4.92±0.12 (4.74–5.42) n=127	27º C
EFM04	1.80±0.20 (1.55–2.34) n=14	11.43±1.54 (9–14) n=14	3.99±0.10 (1–7) n=146	0. 16±0.03 (0.11–0.28) n=133	0.07±0.04 (0.02–0.5) n=144	0.10±0.02 (0.06–0.21) n=133	3.73±0.05 (3.47–3.78) n=146	27º C
ENIM03	1.40 n=1	5 n=1	5.2±0.4 (5–6) n=5	0.31±0. 0 3 (0.28–0.35) n=4	0.10±0.01 (0.09–0.11) n=5	0.21±0.02 (0.19–0.24) n=4	4.32±0.04 (4.3–4.4) n=5	23º C
ENIM04	2.41 n=1	8 n=1	3.67±0.47 (3–4) n=9	0.29±0.03 (0.25–0.35) n=8	0.08±0.01 (0.06–0.09) n=9	0.21±0.02 (0.19–0.26) n=8	4±0.2 (3.8–4.3) n=8	23º C
ENIM09	2.35 n=1	9 n=1	4.67±0.82 (3–6) n=9	0.28±0.04 (0.21–0.34) n=8	0.11±0.02 (0.06–0.14) n=9	0.18±0.02 (0.15–0.22) n=8	3.85±0.07 (3.8–4) n=8	23º C
ENIM013	2.85 n=1	12 n=1	4.5±1.38 (1–6) n=12	0.25±0.07 (0.15–0.38) n=11	0.10±0.03 (0.01–0.14) n=12	0.15±0.03 (0.11–0.24) n=11	3.86±0.07 (3.8–4) n=11	23º C
Mean N=6	2.02±0.34 (1.40–2.85) n=29	11.10±1.90 (5–14) n=29	4.63±1.61 (1–12) n=324	0.19±0.05 (0.11–0.41) n=295	0.09±0.04 (0.01–0.50) n=322	0.10±0.04 (0.05–0.26) n=295	4.22±0.57 (3.47–5.42) n=321

FIGURE 4. Endecous naipi n. sp. General morphology. A, male habitus; B, male head, pronotum and FW, lateral; C, male head, pronotum and FW, dorsal; D, male supra anal plate; E, male terminalia, showing the phallic complex; F, male subgenital plate; G, male TIII and basitarsus. FIGURE 5. Endecous naipi n. sp. Male genitalia in dorsal (A), dorsolateral (B), lateral (C), and ventral view (D, E). Conventions: Arc—ectophallic arc; Arm—pseudepiphallic arm; D.Ec.P.—dorsal ectophallic projection; Ect.Ap.—ectophallic apodeme; Ect.F.—ectophallic fold; End.Ap.—endophallic apodeme; End.Sc.—endophallic sclerite; M.S.—membranous sphere; PsP1—pseudepiphallic paramere 1; PsP2—pseudepiphallic paramere 2; V.Ec.P.—ventral ectophallic projection; Sc.A—sclerite A of the pseudepiphallic arms. Scale bar: 1mm. Calling song of Endecous chape n. sp. ( Fig. 6 , Tab. 1 ). Phrase duration 2.02±0.34 (1.40–2.85, n=29); number of subphrases per phrase 11.10±1.90 (5–14, n=29); number of pulses per subphrase 4.63±1.61 (1–12, n=324); subphrase period 0.19±0.05 (0.11–0.41, n=295); subphrase duration 0.09±0.04 (0.01–0.5, n=322); subphrase interval 0.10±0.04 (0.05–0.26, n=295); dominant frequency 4.22±0.57 (3.47–5.42, n=321); phrase amplitude may gradually increase or remain constant ( Figs 6 B–D). Note: Males emit phrases sporadically along the night. Therefore, we registered two individuals (specimen EFM02 and EFM04, Tab. 01) along one uninterrupted hour in laboratory condition at 27o C, and they produced interval between phrases of 320.2s ±230.03 (91–806, n=10) and 263.84s ±193.64 (2.7–671, n=14), respectively. Chromosomes of Endecous chape n. sp. This species is 2n=19, X0 ♂ , XX ♀ , with three pairs of metacentrics (pair 1, centromeric index (ci) = 44.8; pair 4, ci = 42.9; pair 5, ci = 46.2), four pairs of submetacentrics (pair 2, ci = 31.6; pair 3, ci = 28.6; pair 6, ci = 30.8; pair 9, ci = 33.3), two pairs of acrocentrics (pair 7, ci = 9.1; pair 8, ci = 9,1); the X chromosome is metacentric, ci = 41.6 ( Fig. 7 ).