A Rosetta Stone for eastern Pacific Caecidae (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) Author Raines, Bret K. text Zootaxa 2020 2020-08-11 4827 1 1 146 journal article 8690 10.11646/zootaxa.4827.1.1 c93b6c76-aaac-4fcd-acca-3dc3e0fd62d4 1175-5326 4402308 2CE528C2-DE07-4155-B37D-BE2C342A3901 Caecum lucidum de Folin, 1867 Figures 57 A–H, 58A–L, 59A–B, 128F Caecum lucidum de Folin, 1867d: 10 , 2 syntypes MNHN-IM-2000-4595, Panama . Caecum lucidum — Kisch, 1959a: 36 . Brochina species #5— Lightfoot, 1993b: 77 , fig. 23. FIGURE 57. Caecum lucidum . A . Profile view (SBMNH 452540). B . Ventral view, adult stage (SBMNH 452540). C . Ventral view, subadult stage (SBMNH 452540). D . Profile view, early subadult stage with periostracum (SBMNH 619525). E–F . Syntypes, MNHN-IM-2000-4595. G . Operculum, exterior surface (SBMNH 452559). H . Operculum, interior surface (SBMNH 452540). Material examined. In addition to the type material the following lots were examined. NHMLAC: LACM 1971 - 83.58 , Los Arcos , Banderas Bay , Jalisco , Mexico , intertidal to 3 m , 6 sh ; LACM 1972 - 17.48 , Jobo Bay , Guanacaste Prov. , Costa Rica , 1–8 m , 5 sh . SBMNH : SBMNH 619687 , Punta Coyote , Baja California Sur , Mexico , 20–57 m , 1 sh ; SBMNH 621515 , Punta Jacinto , Guayas , Ecuador , intertidal, 1 sh ; SBMNH 620549 , Cabo Tepoca , Sonora , Mexico , 20–30 m , 4 sh ; SBMNH 621534 , Cabo Tepoca , Sonora , Mexico , 20–30 m , 18 sh ; SBMNH 621364 , Punta la Gringa , Bahia de los Angeles , Baja California [Norte], Mexico , 20–40 m , 25 sh ; SBMNH 621423 , Loreto , Baja California Sur , Mexico , 12 m , 1 sh ; SBMNH 622391 , Puertecitos , Baja California [ Norte ], Mexico , 2–3 m , 1 sh ; SBMNH 452439 , Isla Danzante, NE end, Baja California Sur , Mexico , 60–90 m , 30 sh ; SBMNH 452458 , Roca Acero , Sonora , Mexico , 30–45 m , 10 sh ; SBMNH 452459 , El Tomatal Fish Camp , Baja California [ Norte ], Mexico , intertidal, 2 sh ; SBMNH 452483 , Bahia Carrizal , Colima , Mexico , 0–3 m , 1 sh ; SBMNH 452484 , Isla Chapetona , Sonora , Mexico , 0–2 m , 1 sh ; SBMNH 452540 , Isla Danzante, NE end, Baja California Sur , Mexico , 70–100 m , 30 sh ; SBMNH 452558 , Ensenada San Francisco , Sonora , Mexico , 23–40 m , 12 sh ; SBMNH 452559 , Roca Acero , Sonora , Mexico , 30–45 m , 25 sh ; SBMNH 452560 , Balboa , Panama , Panama , 1 sh ; SBMNH 452561 , Punta Doble , San Carlos Nuevo Guaymas , Sonora , Mexico , 10–25 m , 14 sh ; SBMNH 452562 , Isla Danzante, W of, Baja California Sur , Mexico , 45–55 m , 12 sh ; SBMNH 452563 , Las Cocinas , Sonora , Mexico , 13 m , 15 sh ; SBMNH 619498 , Bahia de los Angeles , Baja California [ Norte ], Mexico , intertidal, 7 sh ; SBMNH 15731 , Isla Carmen , Baja California Sur , Mexico , 3 sh ; SBMNH 619525 , Las Cocinas , Sonora , Mexico , 13 m , 25 sh ; SBMNH 118345 , Empalme , Empalme , Sonora , Mexico , intertidal, 1 sh ; SBMNH 128784 , Bahia de los Angeles , Baja California [ Norte ], Mexico , intertidal, 4 sh ; SBMNH 129974 , Puertecitos , 1.5 mi N [ Playa Curbina ], Baja California [ Norte ], Mexico , intertidal, 1 sh ; SBMNH 619688 , Isla Ildefonso , Baja California Sur , Mexico , 10–25 m , 1 sh ; SBMNH 118498 , Punta San Felipe , San Felipe , Baja California [Norte], Mexico , intertidal, 1 sh ; SBMNH 619690 , Isla San Jorge [ Bird Island ], Sonora , Mexico , 0–5 m , 1 sh ; SBMNH 119742 , Punta Colorado , Sonora , Mexico , intertidal, 16 sh ; SBMNH 619691 , Punta Colorado , Sonora , Mexico , intertidal, 1 sh ; SBMNH 124391 , Bahia Ballenas , Baja California Sur , Mexico , intertidal, 1 sh ; SBMNH 619692 , La Cruz de Huanacaxtle , Nayarit , Mexico , 17–40 m , 1 sh ; SBMNH 129976 , Puertecitos , 1.5 mi N [ Playa Curbina ], Baja California [ Norte ], Mexico , intertidal, 1 sh ; SBMNH 619693 , El Submarino , Sonora , Mexico , 11 m , 6 sh ; SBMNH 619700 , Punta San Pedro , Sonora , Mexico , 10–25 m , 25 sh ; SBMNH 619701 , Punta Mareno , Sonora , Mexico , 10–25 m , 2 sh ; SBMNH 128588 , Isla San Martin, S end, Baja California [ Norte ], Mexico , 3–9 m , 1 sh ; SBMNH 619702 , Roca Acero , Sonora , Mexico , 28 m , 15 sh ; SBMNH 118346 , Empalme , Empalme , Sonora , Mexico , intertidal, 1 sh ; SBMNH 128459 , Bahia Salinas , Baja California Sur , Mexico , 16–18 m , 1 sh ; SBMNH 127636 , Bahia San Luis Gonzaga, N entrance, Baja California [ Norte ], Mexico , 5–7 m , 4 sh ; SBMNH 619703 , Bahia San Luis Gonzaga , Baja California [Norte], Mexico , 4–5 m , 3 sh ; SBMNH 127143 , Chacala , Nayarit , Mexico , 3–5 m , 3 sh ; SBMNH 619909 , Punta San Pedro , Sonora , Mexico , 10–25 m , 50 sh ; SBMNH 132339 , Bahia de los Angeles , Baja California [ Norte ], Mexico , 11–31 m , 20 sh ; SBMNH 620168 , Bahia La Choya , Sonora , Mexico , intertidal, 1 sh ; SBMNH 620768 , Isla Partida SW tip, Baja California Sur , Mexico , 10–15 m , 1 sh ; SBMNH 125865 , Panama City , Panama , Panama , 1 sh ; SBMNH 621341 , Punta Buto , Baja California Sur , Mexico , intertidal, 1 sh ; SBMNH 621365 , Playa Venado , Panama , Panama , 25 sh ; SBMNH 621383 , Puerto San Carlos , Bahia Magdalena , Baja California Sur , Mexico , 2–10 m , 6 sh ; SBMNH 621416 , Bahia San Carlos , San Carlos Nuevo Guaymas , Sonora , Mexico , 15–30 m , 20 sh ; SBMNH 621664 , Isla San Pedro Martir , Sonora , Mexico , 120 m , 6 sh ; SBMNH 622361 , Agua de Chale , Baja California [ Norte ], Mexico , intertidal, 1 sh. JL: Venado , Panama , intertidal, 1 sh ; Nayarit , Mexico , intertidal, 1 sh . FIGURE 58. Caecum lucidum shells at different growth stages. A . Teleoconchs I to III (SBMNH 452558). B . Surface of teleoconch I (SBMNH 452558). C . Surface of teleoconch II (SBMNH 452558). D . Teleoconchs II to IV (SBMNH 452559). E . Teleoconch IV (SBMNH 452561). F . Surface of teleoconch III (SBMNH 452559). G . Teleoconch V (SBMNH 132339). H . Teleoconchs V to VI (SBMNH 452561). I . Surface of teleoconchs IV to V (SBMNH 452561). J . Surface of teleoconch VI (SBMNH 452540). K . Teleoconch VI (SBMNH 452540). Original diagnosis. “Testa tenui, valde arcuata, conica, vitrea, diaphana; costulis angustis irregularibus, valde sinuosis, longitudinaliter ornata et strigis distantibus, transversim cingulata; inter costulas interstitiis latis, longitudinalibus, minutis strigis ornatis.” de Folin (1867d: 10) . FIGURE 59. Caecum lucidum . A . Conceptual reconstruction of growth stages. B . Species distribution map. Description. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch I short, smooth with weak axial growth lines ( Fig. 58A ), transition to teleoconch II marked by change in sculpture ( Fig. 58A ). Teleoconch II about 3 times length of teleoconch I, sculptured with longitudinal dextral striae ( Fig. 58C ), transition to teleoconch III marked by change in sculpture ( Figs. 58A, D ). Teleoconch III sculptured with sinuous longitudinal cords and numerous longitudinal striae ( Fig. 58F ), transition to teleoconch IV marked by incised axial line ( Fig. 58D ). Teleoconch IV sculptured with numerous sinuous, longitudinal lines ( Fig. 58I ), transition to teleoconch V marked by suture ( Fig. 59A ). Teleoconch V with identical characters as previous stage ( Fig. 58I ), transition to teleoconch VI marked by suture ( Fig. 58H ). Teleoconch VI (last growth stage) large for genus [Tol 3.60–3.63 mm ], tubular, rather thick, mildly to moderately and regularly arched [Larc: 1.22–1.29 mm ; Arc: 0.25–0.28 mm ], subcylindrical with slight increase in diameter from posterior to aperture, creamy white, mottled ( Figs. 57 A–B, 58K). Surface glossy, sculptured with numerous, raised, sinuous, longitudinal cords ( Fig. 58J ). Axial sculpture of 16–20 low, rounded ribs begins centrally, rather closely arranged and regularly spaced, except last 3–4 preceding aperture, which are pronounced, widely separated ( Fig. 58K ). Axial interspaces shallow, narrower than ribs, except last 4–5 preceding aperture, which become wider ( Fig. 58K ). Posterior [Dpe: 0.71–0.75 mm ] with thick edge, squared shoulder ( Fig. 57C ). Septum hemispherical, recessed ( Fig. 58K ). Mucro low blunt point, not visible in adult stage. Aperture [Da: 0.90–0.99 mm ] with 3–4 pronounced axial ribs ( Fig. 58K ). No varix. Lip smooth ( Figs. 57 B–C). Periostracum thin, smooth, yellowish brown ( Fig. 57D ). Operculum thin, light brown; exterior surface with 6–7 concentric rings ( Figs. 57 G–H). Conceptual reconstruction of growth stages shown in Fig. 59A . Distribution and Habitat. From San Felipe Point, Baja California , Mexico to Paitilla Point, Panama . Intertidal to 120 m . Common on coarse sand substrates. Remarks. The type material of Caecum lucidum is comprised of two damaged subadult specimens (MNHN-IM-2000-4595, Figs. 57 E–F), which Kisch (1959a) referred to as “ holotype ” and “ paratype ”. However, de Folin never made a distinction between the two specimens, so they must be treated as syntypes . Although damaged, they provide adequate details for identification. Lightfoot’s (1993b: 77) Brochina species #5 is an example of Caecum lucidum , and her assessment of the species was perfect. Early stage subadults are often misidentified as worn subadult C. subspirale .