Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae) Author Maxwell, Stephen J. 0000-0002-4328-6171 College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. & Stephen. maxwell @ my. jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4328 - 6171 tephen.maxwell@my.jcu.edu.au Author Rymer, Tasmin L. 0000-0002-9963-6345 College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. & Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. & Tamsin. rymer @ jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9963 - 6345 amsin.rymer@jcu.edu.au Author Congdon, Bradley C. 0000-0002-8751-0892 College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. & Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. & brad. congdon @ jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8751 - 0892 brad.congdon@jcu.edu.au text Zootaxa 2021 2021-06-22 4990 3 401 453 journal article 5563 10.11646/zootaxa.4990.3.1 6a6dd89d-6b74-47ed-ba8e-71b526355b69 1175-5326 5026777 70610FEE-4497-4804-817C-CEC2D66DDBFE Seraphs carcassense ( Leymerie, 1846 ) Figure 4C 1846 Terebellum carcassense Leymerie , p. 33, pl. XVI, no. 9. = Terebellum ( Terebellum ) carcassense Leymerie — Jung 1974 , p. 17 . = Terebellum carcassonense Leymerie — Jung 1974 , p. 17 . Eames 1952 , p. 73 . = Terebellum carcasensis Leymerie — Eames 1952 , p. 73 . = Terebellum carcassense Leymerie — de Gregorio 1896 , p. 36 . Eames 1952 , p. 73 . Jung 1974 , p. 17 , pl. 4, figs. 10, 11. Terebellum oliviforme Mayer — de Gregorio 1880 , p. 25 . Jung 1974 , p. 17 , pl. 4, fig. 5. Seraphs ( Seraphs ) sp. Jung, 1974 , pl. 5, figs. 1, 2. Type material. We designate Leymerie 1846 , p. 33, pl. XVI, no. 9 as the lectotype . The lectotype measures 58 mm in length, with a width of 20 mm ( Leymerie 1846 ). Type locality. Montagne Noire , Carcassonne , France [Eocene] . Diagnosis. The shell is smooth and ovate. The spire is moderately high and blunted. The columella is straight, and the aperture is narrow. Distribution. EOCENE— Pakistan Bhagothoro Hill, Sind , Laki Beds ( Jung 1974 ); Zinda Pir ( Jung 1974 ). Republic of Georgia Akhaltsikhe ( Jung 1974 ). Iran Transcaspia or northern Persia ( Eames 1952 ). Spain ( Eames 1952 ). Switzerland ( Eames 1952 ). Italy ( Eames 1952 ). France ( Eames 1952 ). Bartonian/Lutetian— Armenia ( Eames 1952 ). Bartonian— Italy ( Eames 1952 ). Lutetian— France ( Eames 1952 ). Italy The Bavarian Alps and Bahrein Island ( Eames 1952 ). Ypresian— France ( Eames 1952 ). PALEOCENE—Thanetian— France Carcassonne ( Jung 1974 ). Remarks. One of the earliest Seraphs , arising during the Thanetian, S. carcasense is the current candidate to link the Palaeocene west African S. minus and the later Seraphs radiations complex during the Eocene. While sharing similarities with S. sopitus , a species with which it has been synonymised ( Jung 1974 ), the fossil records indicate that S. carcasense precedes that species, which arose in the Ypresian.