Description on two species of genus Platythomisus (Araneae, Thomisidae) from China and Singapore
Author
Lin, Yejie
Author
Koh, Joseph K. H.
Author
Shao, Lili
Author
Li, Shuqiang
text
ZooKeys
2019
852
73
84
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.852.34436
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.852.34436
1313-2970-852-73
8AFB6728CAAC463F9E8AA26BB2723B37
8AFB6728CAAC463F9E8AA26BB2723B37
Platythomisus xiandao
sp. nov.
Figs 1
B-D
, 2B, D, 3C, D, 4
E-H
, 5C, D, 6
Holotype.
♂ (IZCAS), China, Yunnan Prov., Jinghong City, Mount Jinuo, hatched from paratype egg sac. Hatched 12.X.2017, matured 10.IV.2018, C.T. Wei leg. Paratype: ♀ (IZCAS), same locality data as holotype, collected 06.X.2017, C.T. Wei leg.
Etymology.
The specific name is derived from the Chinese word "
xiandao
" (noun), the name of the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The program has made it possible for the biodiversity research team in the CAS to remain as an integral cluster to fulfil all its ambitious goals.
Diagnosis.
Male of
P. xiandao
sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from that of
P. octomaculatus
by the length of embolus to the length of embolus base is 3:1 (Fig. 2B), but 5:1 in
P. octomaculatus
(Fig. 2A), the base of embolus arising from a 3:30-
o'clock-position
in
P. xiandao
sp. nov. (Fig. 1E), and 1:30-
o'clock-position
in
P. octomaculatus
(Fig. 1B); the atrium of
P. xiandao
sp. nov. is bell-shaped (Fig. 3C) while that of
P. octomaculatus
is funnel-shaped (Fig. 3A); the spermathecae of
P. xiandao
sp. nov. (Fig. 3D) are more slender than those in
P. octomaculatus
(Fig. 3B).
The two species can also be diagnosed by their somatic differences. The males of
P. xiandao
sp. nov. have seven black spots on the opisthosoma (Fig. 4G) and a reddish sternum (Fig. 4H); the males of
P. octomaculatus
have only three distinct black spots on the opisthosoma (Fig. 4C) and a black sternum (Fig. 4D). The females of
P. xiandao
sp. nov. have larger black patches on the carapace (Fig. 4A) and a black patch at the center of ventrum extending posteriorly to connect with the black area surrounding the spinnerets through a narrow neck (Fig. 4F), while the black patch at the ventrum of
P. octomaculatus
females is broadly oblong and well-separated from the spinnerets (Fig. 4B).
Figure 4. Habitus of
Platythomisus octomaculatus
(C. L. Koch, 1845) (
A-D
) and
Platythomisus xiandao
sp. nov. (
E-H
). A, E Female habitus, dorsal view B, F Female habitus, ventral view C, G Male habitus, dorsal view; D, H Male habitus, ventral view.
Description.
Male (Figs 1
D-F
, 2B, D, 4G, H, 5D): total length 3.92, carapace 1.55 long, 1.38 wide, opisthosoma 2.40 long, 1.70 wide. Carapace red. Eye region orange, AER and PER recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.09, PME 0.03, PLE 0.06,
AME-AME
0.24,
AME-ALE
0.17,
PME-PME
0.32,
PME-PLE
0.28,
AME-PME
0.13,
ALE-PLE
0.19. Clypeus 0.13 high, red. Chelicerae red, with ridge, without any teeth. Endites and labium red. Sternum red, sparsely set hairs. Legs white, coxa black, tarsus, metatarsus, tibia, patella and femur of leg I and II have two black lines. Legs transparent when alive. Leg I: 5.73 (1.86 + 2.00 + 1.08 + 0.79), leg II: 6.04 (2.02 + 2.10 + 1.10 + 0.82), leg III: 3.20 (1.00 + 1.20 + 0.51 + 0.49), leg IV: 3.27 (1.21 + 1.11 + 0.46 + 0.49). Leg formula: 2143. Opisthosoma oval, white, dorsum cinnamon, ventrum reddish-brown. Opisthosoma dorsum with seven black spots, first one largest, lateral sides with red folds, ventrum reddish-brown, with a large shield-shaped black pattern. Spinnerets black.
Male palp (Figs 1
D-F
, 2B, D). Femur white. Tibia black, VTA club-shaped, slightly bent, with a bristle near the apex. ITA boot-shaped, terminally flat with lateral extension. RTA long and thin, terminal slightly bent. Cymbium black. Tegulum flat, disk-shaped, with tegular ridge. Embolus slender and spiral, the base of embolus arising from a 3:30-
o'clock-position
, the length of embolus to the length of embolus base 3:1 (Fig. 2B).
Female (Figs 3C, D, 4E, F, 5C) distinctly different from male. Total length 13.01, carapace 5.20 long, 5.05 wide, opisthosoma 8.78 long, 6.35 wide. Carapace yellow with three pairs of big black subcircular patches. The anterior pair extend to the protruding ends on both lateral sides of the ocular tubercles, covering the ALE, PME and PLE, and adjoining the AME. The median pair of black disks smaller than the anterior and posterior pairs. AER and PER slightly recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.12, PME 0.05, PLE 0.09,
AME-AME
0.81,
AME-ALE
0.54,
PME-PME
1.02,
PME-PLE
0.71,
AME-PME
0.37,
ALE-PLE
0.36. Clypeus height 0.56, orange. Chelicerae orange, with ridge, margin has a black ring pattern, without any teeth. Endites and labium orange. Sternum orange, sparsely set hairs. Legs bicolored, coxa, trochanter, the femur of leg I and II black, the patella of leg I and II and the femur of leg III and IV orange with a black inverted triangle spot. Other legs orange. Leg I: 18.09 (5.70 + 6.41 + 3.96 + 2.02), leg II: 18.54 (5.96 + 6.54 + 4.00 + 2.04), leg III: 10.82 (3.64 + 4.04 + 1.88 + 1.26), leg IV: 11.16 (3.92 + 4.35 + 1.66 + 1.23). Leg formula: 2143. Opisthosoma pentagonal, yellow. Opisthosoma dorsum with seven black spots, with the largest in the anteriormost spot, lateral folded, ventrum yellow, with a shield-shaped black pattern coalescing with the black ring surrounding the black spinnerets.
Figure 5. Photos of alive
Platythomisus octomaculatus
(C. L. Koch, 1845) (A, B) and
Platythomisus xiandao
sp. nov. (C, D) A, C Female B, D Male.
Epigyne (Fig. 3C, D) with bell-shaped atrium, the length of atrium to the middle width of the atrium 1:1.4, the length of anterior margin to the length of posterior margin 1:1. CD short, about one-fourth the length of the spermathecae. Spermathecae comparatively slender, shaped like a sea cucumber or hot-dog sausage.
Distribution.
China (Yunnan).
Natural history.
Individuals of this species hide under the leaves.
Remarks.
Based on the 647 bp-aligned sequences, the COI uncorrected K2P-distance between
P. octomaculatus
and
P. xiandao
sp. nov. is 0.073. The result far exceeded the maximum value of intraspecific genetic distance for
Thomisidae
.
Figure 6. Known distribution of
Platythomisus
species in Oriental Region.