Synopsis of the Evippinae (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with description of a new species
Author
Steinpress, Igor Armiach
380129F9-96AC-4F19-A30E-3FB65AA39076
The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel. The Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel. University Ghent, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
bomtombadil@gmail.com
Author
Alderweireldt, Mark
CE20F264-3E66-4481-86A9-06ACCD1941AE
malderweireldt@hotmail.com
Author
Cohen, Mira
0FE66053-001F-44F1-A0EC-36DDAF791AE2
mira.cohen@mail.huji.ac.il
Author
Chipman, Ariel
C7A32B57-33D0-4A35-BB05-62C919137F53
The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel. The Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel. University Ghent, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
ariel.chipman@mail.huji.ac.il
Author
Gavish-Regev, Efrat
FC073F19-2202-4C89-8B43-CEA4CC5E2D50
The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel. The Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel. University Ghent, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
efrat.gavish-regev@mail.huji.ac.il
text
European Journal of Taxonomy
2021
2021-02-04
733
87
124
journal article
8426
10.5852/ejt.2021.733.1225
77535c7b-93e9-4e35-8d39-3950ca010edf
2118-9773
4505891
22EF594A-81C2-4C8B-AF9A-0DC86C3B5BA3
Evippa
Simon, 1882
Figs
3–13
Evippa
Simon, 1882: 367
.
Type species
Evippa arenaria
(Audouin, 1826)
Diagnosis
Evippa
is distinguished easily from all other lycosids by a combination of characters: elongated tarsal claws, 5–6 pairs of ventral spines on tibia I (apart from apical pair), transverse depression in carapace posterior to ocular area (
Fig. 3
) (
Alderweireldt 1991
).
Description
Small- to medium-sized lycosids. Cephalic region elevated, separated from thoracic region by transverse depression. Ocular area almost as wide as cephalic region, adorned with long, forward-pointing setae. Clypeus vertical. Anterior row of eyes procurved, narrower than PME. AME larger than ALE. Labium wider than long. Most species with long, slender legs (see
E. onager
;
Fig. 3
). Claws usually long, toothed near base. Tarsi of many species with pseudoarticulation. Tibia I with 5–6 pairs of spines (apart from apical pair). Coloration cryptic, usually mottled yellow or brown (
Fig. 3
). Carapace usually with pale median band. Body covered with short setae throughout (
Fig. 14A
) (Alderweireldt 1992). Male and female of similar appearance. Embolus large; base in meso-apical position (
Figs 6–9
,
12
). Epigyne usually with well-developed, pale atria (
Figs 10
,
13
). Spermathecae large, sperm ducts twisted (
Figs 11
,
13
) (
Tikader & Malhotra 1980
;
Alderweireldt 1991
).
Fig. 9
.
Evippa amitaii
sp. nov.
, ♂ (HUJ INV-Ar 16051), bulb of left palp, proximal view. Photo by I. Armiach Steinpress. Scale bar = 0.3 mm.
Natural history
Evippa
species inhabit deserts, steppes and savannas, often on sandy, clay or salt-covered plains (
Barrientos
et al.
2015
;
Ponomarev & Tsvetkov 2004
) (
Fig. 15
), although mountain-dwelling species are known (
Tikader & Malhotra 1980
). All species are presumed vagrant (
Alderweireldt & Jocqué 2017
). Diurnal activity has been observed (I. Armiach Steinpress, pers. obs.) but most activity is crepuscular and nocturnal (
Alderweireldt & Jocqué 2017
). Adults in warm climates are observed active during most of the year (
Barrientos
et al.
2015
).
Distribution
The species of
Evippa
are distributed in arid and semiarid environments across Eurasia and Africa. Eight species are reported from Africa, four species are reported from Europe, and 34 are reported from Asia (13 from Central Asia, nine from
India
, nine from the Middle East, seven from
China
and one from Siberia) (
World Spider Catalog 2020
). In
Israel
four species are found.
Relationships
The genus appears to be closely related to
Pseudevippa
Simon, 1910
, from which it is distinguished by the number of ventral spines on tibia I (
Alderweireldt 1991
).
Key to the genus
Evippa
in Israel
1. Carapace longer than ¼ length of leg I
.............
Evippa onager
Simon, 1895
sensu
Šternbergs 1979
– Carapace shorter than ¼ length of leg I ............................................................................................ 2
Fig. 10
. ♀♀, genitalia, ventral view.
A
.
Evippa amitaii
sp. nov.
(HUJ INV-Ar 16053).
B
.
E. arenaria
(Audouin, 1826)
(HUJ INV-Ar 16058).
C
.
E. onager
Simon, 1895
sensu
Šternbergs 1979
(HUJ INV-Ar 20314).
D
.
E. praelongipes
(O.
Pickard-Cambridge, 1871
)
(HUJ INV-Ar 16521).
E
.
Evippomma simoni
Alderweireldt, 1992
(HUJ INV-Ar 16543). Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Photos by I. Armiach Steinpress.
2. Females ............................................................................................................................................. 3
– Males ................................................................................................................................................. 5
Females
3. Epigynal septum greatly constricted proximally. Epigynal atria curved proximally towards each other (
Fig. 10B
)
............................................................................
Evippa arenaria
(Audouin, 1826)
– Epigynal septum not constricted proximally. Epigynal atria approximately parallel (
Figs 10A, D
,
13
) ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
4. Epigynal septum with smooth edges, widening only towards ends (
Fig. 10D
) ................................. ..........................................................................
Evippa praelongipes
(O.
Pickard-Cambridge, 1871
)
– Epigynal septum edge with small tooth or terrace (
Figs 10A
,
13A, C
) .........
Evippa amitaii
sp. nov.
Males
5. Terminal apophysis (process between tegular apophysis and cymbium, as used by
Barrientos
et al.
2015
) at least at 40° angle to tegular apophysis (
Figs 7A
,
8A
,
12
) ...............
Evippa amitaii
sp. nov.
– Terminal apophysis approximately parallel to tegular apophysis (
Figs 7
B–D, 8B–D) .................... 6
6. Subapical process branches off at less than ¼ of MA length from tegular apophysis tip (
Figs 7D
,
8D
) ...................................................................
Evippa praelongipes
(O.
Pickard-Cambridge, 1871
)
– Subapical process branches off at more than ¼ of MA length from tegular apophysis tip (
Fig. 6B
) ........................................................................................
Evippa arenaria
(Audouin, 1826)