Morphological and phylogenetic evidence reveal three new species of Aureoboletus (Boletaceae, Boletales) from China Author Zhang, Xu 0000-0003-1283-0573 Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Transgenic Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China & 1120500535 @ qq. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1283 - 0573 1120500535@qq.com Author Tian, Run 0000-0002-0134-2622 Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Transgenic Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China & 1213444986 @ qq. com https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0134 - 2622 Author Tang, Li-Ping 0000-0002-6905-3157 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China & lipingtang 11 @ qq. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6905 - 3157 lipingtang11@qq.com Author Liang, Zhi-Qun 0000-0003-4437-8585 College of Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China & lizhqu 1980 @ 126. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4437 - 8585 Author Zhang, Wen-Hao 0000-0002-8983-7346 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China & 1163545854 @ qq. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8983 - 7346 1163545854@qq.com Author Jiang, Shuai 0000-0003-4852-1940 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China & College of Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China & jsamhx @ 126. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4852 - 1940 Author Wang, Cheng-Kai 0000-0003-2829-4832 Yinggeling Branch of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, Baisha, China & 2259095516 @ qq. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2829 - 4832 2259095516@qq.com Author Zeng, Nian-Kai 0000-0001-7651-4524 Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Transgenic Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China & niankaiz @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7651 - 4524 text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-10-04 567 2 127 148 journal article 157778 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.2.2 9eb060f9-49ba-4b0d-b02d-dcf5b874728c 1179-3163 7141696 Aureoboletus guangdongensis N.K. Zeng, Xu Zhang & Zhi Q. Liang , sp. nov . ( Figs. 3A – B , 4 ) MycoBank: MB841618 Etymology:—Latin “ guangdongensis ” refers to the location Guangdong Province , southern China , where the holotype was collected. Diagnosis:—Differs from other species of Aureoboletus by a small basidiomata, a brownish-orange, dry pileal surface, short and wide basidiospores, and a trichoderm-type pileipellis composed of more or less inflated hyphae. Holotype :— CHINA . Guangdong Province : Renhua County , Danxia National Nature Reserve , elev. 360 m , 12 June 2019 , N . K . Zeng 4083 ( FHMU3797 ). GenBank accession number: 28 S = OK327021 , TEF1 = OM 321040 , RPB2 = OM 280447 . Description:— Basidiomata small-sized. Pileus 2.4–4.5 cm in diam., subhemispherical when young, then convex to applanate; surface dry, subtomentose, brownish-orange (5B5) at first, reddish-brown (6C3) to reddish violet (7C2) when mature; context approximately 0.7 cm thick in the center of the pileus, white (1A3), unchanging in color when cut. Hymenophore poroid, depressed around apex of stipe; pores 0.3–0.5 mm in diam., angular to subround, pale yellow (1A3), unchanging in color when cut; tubes approximately 0.7 cm long, pale yellow (4A2), unchanging in color when cut. Stipe 5.5–6 × 0.5–1 cm , central, subcylindrical or subclavate; surface pale brownish-orange (4B3) when young, then pastel reddish violet (7B2), with distinct longitudinal streaks; context white (1A3), unchanging in color when cut. Basal mycelium white (1A1). Odor indistinct. Basidia 27–31 × 9–10 μm, clavate, moderately thick-walled (up to 1 μm), 4-spored, hyaline or yellowish in KOH; sterigmata 3–5 μm long. Basidiospores [100/2/2] 7–9.5(–11) × (4–)4.5–6 μm, Q = (1.28–) 1.5–1.78(–2), Qm = 1.65 ± 0.18, elongate, moderately thick-walled (up to 1 μm), smooth, yellowish brown (3B8) in KOH. Cheilocystidia 29–40 × 8–10 μm, fusiform or subfusiform, moderately thick-walled (up to 1 μm), yellowish-white or hyaline in KOH. Pleurocystidia 25–35 × 7.5–10 μm, abundant, fusiform or subfusiform, yellowish in KOH, moderately thickwalled (up to 1 μm). Hymenophoral trama bilateral, composed of hyphae 5–10 μm wide, moderately thick-walled (up to 1 μm), yellowish in KOH. Pileipellis a trichoderm 250–500 μm thick, made up of hyphae 4–14 μm wide, slightly inflated to moniliform, yellowish-white or hyaline in KOH; terminal cells 17.5–47 × 4–14 μm, cystidioid, subclavate or subcylindrical, with obtuse, sometimes acute apex. Pileal trama composed of hyphae 5–20 μm wide, moderately thick-walled (up to 1 μm), hyaline in KOH. Stipitipellis a hymeniderm 250–400 μm thick, made up of hyphae 3–8 μm wide, thin-walled, yellowish-white or hyaline in KOH; terminal cells 12–22 × 4–9 μm, broadly clavate, subcylindrical, or subfusiform, with obtuse apex. Stipe trama made up of parallel hyphae 4–10 μm broad, slightly thick-walled (up to 0.5 μm), colorless in KOH. Clamp connections not observed in any tissue. Habitat:—Solitary on the ground in forests dominated by fagaceous trees ( Lithocarpus spp. ). Known distribution:—Southern and southeastern China ( Guangdong and Fujian Provinces). Additional specimen examined:— CHINA . Fujian Province : Zhangping County , Xinqiao Town , Chengkou Village , elev. 350 m , 28 July 2013 , N . K . Zeng 1310 ( FHMU864 ); same location and date, N . K . Zeng1310-1 ( FHMU6511 ) . Notes: Phylogenetically and morphologically, A. guangdongensis is closely related to A. catenarius G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang (2016: 42) , A. moravicus (Vaček 1946: 36) Klofac (2010: 142) , A. roxanae ( Frost 1874: 104 ) Klofac (2010: 143) , and A. velutipes Ming Zhang & T.H. Li (2019: 132) ( Fig. 2 ). However, A. catenariu s, originally described from Yunnan Province , southwestern China , has a larger pileus ( 3.5–6 cm in diam.), narrower basidiospores (7–9 × 3.5–5 μm), and wider hyphae in pileipellis (up to 27 μm) ( Wu et al . 2016 ); A. moravicus has a larger pileus (up to 8 cm in diam.), and longer basidiospores [8–11(–12) × 4.5–5.5(–6) μm], and it is distributed in Europe ( Herink 1964 ; Klofac 2016); A. roxanae has a larger pileus ( 8–9 cm in diam.), longer but narrower basidiospores [9.5–11(–13) × 3.5–4(–4.5) μm], a pileipellis made up of uninflated hyphae, and it is distributed in Canada , USA , and Mexico ( Frost 1874 ; GarcíaJiménez et al . 2019); A. velutipes , originally described from Guangdong Province , southern China , has a light yellow to pastel yellow stipe covered with fibrillose to tomentose squamules, and larger basidiospores [10–13 × (4–)5–6(–6.5) μm] ( Zhang et al . 2019 ). In addition, A. guangdongensis is also affiliated with a Chinese undescribed species voucher GDGM49259 ( Fig. 1 ), and their morphological differences will be investigated in the future.