The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region Author Crews, Sarah C. Author Harvey, Mark S. text ZooKeys 2011 99 1 104 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 1313-2970-99-1 Makdiops shiva sp. n. Figs 89-90Map 3 Type material. Holotype female (CAS 9031584): Bhimashankar, Maharashtra, India, 19°04'N , 73°32'E , 1-5.II.1990, V. and B. Roth. Other material examined: India: Maharashtra same data as holotype, 1♀ (CAS). Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Hindu god Shiva, as the type locality is the location of one of the 12 traditional Jyotirlingas of Shiva. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition. Diagnosis. This species can be differentiated from all others by having 4 pairs of ventral tibial spines on legs I and II, and by the epigynal pockets reaching the sinuous margin where copulatory openings are located (Fig. 89). Males unknown. Figures 89-90. Copulatory organs of Makdiops shiva sp. n., female holotype from Maharashtra, Bhimashankar, India, (CAS 9031584) (89-90), 89 epigyne, ventral view 90 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.50 mm. Description. Holotype:Color: carapace red-brown, darker marks laterally and mediolaterally; sternum yellow brown, darker around border; chelicerae red-brown with darker infuscations medially and laterally; maxillae pale yellow-brown, lightening distally; labium pale brown, lightening distally; abdomen dorsally grey-brown with darker flecks medially and laterally, festoon present but inconspicuous; ventrally pale yellow-brown; legs yellow brown with darker annulations, legs darkening distally. Cephalothorax: setae long and thin; carapace flattened; 0.89 times longer than broad; fovea longitudinal, broad, somewhat shallow. Eyes:AER nearly straight; PER slightly recurved; PME larger than AME, PLE largest, ALE smallest; eye group width 1.99; eye diameters, AME 0.17, ALE 0.13, PME 0.23, PLE 0.27; interdistances AME-ALE 0.48, PME-PLE 0.42, ALE-PLE 0.29, AME-PME 0.1; ocular quadrangle AME-AME 0.19, PME-PME 0.75; clypeus 0.1 high. Mouthparts: chelicerae with a few stout setae medially and anteriorly; lateral boss present, smooth; promargin with 3 teeth, retromargin with 2 teeth; maxillae longer than broad, with tuft of conspicuous setae distally; labium distally rounded. Sternum:0.98 times longer than broad, posteriorly indented. Pedipalp:claw present with c. 6 teeth. Legs:leg I only slightly shorter than legs II, III and IV; leg formula 2341; scopulae absent on all legs; tarsus I-IV with strong claw tufts; pr claw with c. 10 teeth, rl claw with none; spination: leg I, Fm pr 1 -1- 0, d 1 -1- 1, rl 0; Ti v 2 -2-2- 2; Mt v 2 -2-2- 2; Ti and Mt I and II with strong spines; leg II, Fm pr 0, d 1 -1- 1, rl 0; Ti 2 -2-2- 2; Mt v 2 -2-2- 2; leg III, Fm pr 0, d 1 -1- 1, rl 0; Ti 1 -0- 0; Mt 2-0; leg IV, Fm pr 0, d 1 -1- 1, rl 0; Ti v 1-0; Mt 1-0. Abdomen:terminal setal tufts absent. Epigyne:lateral lobes coming together posteriorly, rectangular to slightly sinusoidal median area formed by lobes, epigynal pockets present; internally wide ducts lead to ovoid spermathecae, fertilization ducts located medially, posterodorsal fold absent (Figs 89-90). Dimensions: Total length 8.12. Cephalothorax length 3.44, width 3.85. Sternum length 1.97, width 2.01. Abdomen length 4.68, width 3.70. Pedipalp: Fm 0.96, Pt 0.65, Ti 0.71, Ta 1.11, (total) 3.43. Leg I: Fm 3.22, Pt 1.62, Ti 2.86, Mt 2.64, Ta 1.07, (total) 11.41. Leg II: Fm 4.07, Pt 1.29, Ti 3.66, Mt 2.64, Ta 1.15, (total) 12.81. Leg III: Fm 3.85, Pt 1.56, Ti 3.23, Ta 1.15, (total) 12.72. Leg IV: Fm 4.07, Pt 1.34, Ti 2.96, Mt 2.89, Ta 1.10, (total) 12.36. Natural history. No data. Distribution. The type locality only (Map 3). Figures 91-95. Karaops spp. in situ. 91 Karaops raveni sp. n., on tree at dusk, Skillion Nature Reserve, New South Wales 92 Karaops badgeradda sp. n., on turned rock, Badgeradda Range, Muggon Station, Western Australia 93 Karaops martamarta sp. n., showing red coloration, from Red Hill, Pilbara, Western Australia 94 Karaops francesae sp. n., female guarding eggsac, Cape Arid, Western Australia 95 Karaops toolbrunup sp. n., on turned rock from scree slope, Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges, Western Australia. Figure 96-102. Habitats of Karaops species. 96 Macleay River, New South Wales, habitat of Karaops manaayn sp. n. and Karaops raveni sp. n., both collected under the bark of trees above the river 97 Scree slope in the Tinderry Ranges, New South Wales, habitat of Karaops raveni sp. n., collected from beneath the rocks 98 Badgeradda Range, near Muggon Station, Western Australia, habitat of Karaops badgeradda sp. n., collected from under loose rocks 99 Near Red Hill, Pilbara, Western Australia, habitat of Karaops martamarta sp. n., collected from beneath loose rocks. These spiders are a very red color, as the color of the substrate 100 Cape Arid, Western Australia, habitat of Karaops francesae sp. n., collected from beneath loose rocks on granite outcrop 101 Scree slope on Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National park, habitat of Karaops toolbrunup sp. n., collected from beneath rocks on scree slope 102 Forest at Kapalga, near South Alligator River, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, habitat of Karaops dawara sp. n., collected from beneath bark. Figures 103-109. Habitus of representatives of various selenopid genera. 103 Amamanganops baginawa sp. n., female, from Mindoro, Philippines. The orange hue is likely not natural and seems to develop after being preserved for some time 104 Anyphops barnardi (Lawrence), female, from Gauteng South Africa 105 Anyphops parvulus (Pocock), female, from Tsitsikamma National Park, South Africa 106 Garcorops madagascar Corronca, male, from Hellville, Madagascar 107 Godumops caritus sp. n., male, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea 108 Hovops sp., female, from Park National Montagne d'Ambre , Madagascar 109 Labium of Godumops caritus sp. n. showing m-shaped distal region. Scale bar = 3.00 mm. Abbreviations: L = labium, st = sternum. Figures 110-115. Habitus of representatives of various selenopid genera. 110 Karaops ellenae sp. n., female, from Mount Cooke, Western Australia, Australia 111 Karaops raveni sp. n., female, from Watchimbark Nature Reserve, New South Wales, Australia 112 Makdiops montigenus comb. n., female, from Dehra Dun, India. The orange hue is not natural and due to preservation 113 Makdiops nilgirensis comb. n., female, from Karteri Valley, Tamil Nadu, India. The yellow-orange hue is due to preservation 114 Selenops radiatus Latreille, male, from Namibia 115 Selenops phaselus Muma, male, from Las Abejas, Dominican Republic 116 Pakawops formosanus (Kayashima), penultimate male, Taiwan (photo by Spideryang - http://www.flickr.com/photos/spideryang/3993100774/). Scale bar = 3.00 mm.