The spider genus Diguetia Simon, 1895 (Araneae: Diguetidae) in North America a new species, redescriptions, and comments on the distribution of the genus
Author
Jimenez, Maria-Luisa
0000-0002-3250-9755
Laboratorio de Aracnología y Entomología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste S. C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, CP. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México & ljimenez 04 @ cibnor. mx; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3250 - 9755
ljimenez04@cibnor.mx
Author
Cardiel, Carlos Palacios
0000-0001-6476-8420
Laboratorio de Aracnología y Entomología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste S. C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, CP. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México & palacios 04 @ cibnor. mx; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6476 - 8420
palacios04@cibnor.mx
Author
Chamé-Vázquez, David
0000-0003-3433-153X
Laboratorio de Aracnología y Entomología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste S. C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, CP. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México & chamevazquez @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3433 - 153 X
chamevazquez@gmail.com
text
Zootaxa
2022
2022-11-07
5205
2
125
146
journal article
183378
10.11646/zootaxa.5205.2.2
aabcc82b-3913-4f67-8af4-b28c0006f168
1175-5326
7305829
C86D3484-9A3C-4285-AB35-700FD8817EB8
The genus
Diguetia
in North America
We reviewed 313 locality records of
Diguetia
of North America, but 31 were discarded because we could not locate them with the original data. Furthermore, all specimen records of
D. canities mulaiki
Gertsch, 1958
are under
D. canities
, because this subspecies is probably a junior synonym of the nominate species due to minor morphological differences (see
Gertsch 1958: 12–13
).
FIGURES 111–114. 111.
Percent proportion of
Diguetia
records (282 records) by species from North America.
112.
Percent proportion of
Diguetia
records by level III ecoregions (outer ring) nested by ecoregions level I (inner circle).
113.
Number of species by Mexican or US states.
114.
Number of species by North American level III ecoregions (
sensu
U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency 2013
).
The genus
Diguetia
has a wide distribution in North America, mainly in the arid zones, from the Mojave Basin and Range (
Nevada
,
US
) to the north, to the Balsas depression (
Guerrero
,
Mexico
) to the south (
Figs 109–110
,
113–114
).
Diguetia canities
has the widest latitudinal distribution in North America (
United States
and
Mexico
), followed by
D. propinqua
,
D. albolineata
, and
D. imperiosa
(
Figs 109–110
). In contrast,
D. mojavea
seems restricted to the Mojave and Sonoran Desert, while
Diguetia dialectica
stat. reval.
,
D. stridulans
, and
D. balandra
sp. nov
.
seem to be endemic species of the
Baja California
Peninsula (
Figs 109–110
). This Peninsula harbors several dozens of endemics species as a consequence of the isolated geographic process of rifting and separation from the Mexican mainland 5.5 Ma ago (
Riddle
et al
. 2000
;
González-Trujillo
et al
. 2016
), as well as later geological events (3–1 million years) and climatic changes of the Pleistocene-Holocene (
Riddle
et al
. 2000
;
Hafner & Riddle 2005
;
Garrick
et al
. 2013
).
Furthermore,
Diguetia canities
(47.1%),
D. signata
(16.3%), and
D. imperiosa
(12.4) have the greatest number of records in North America, while
D. andersoni
,
D. balandra
sp. nov.
and
D. stridulans
had the lowest number of records (
Fig. 111
). The ecoregions with most records of
Diguetia
, in decreasing order, are the Sonoran Desert, Chihuahuan Desert, Madrean Archipelago,
California
Coastal Sage, Chaparral, and Oak Woodlands,
Arizona
/
New Mexico
Mountains, Mojave Basin and Range, and Baja Californian Desert (
Fig. 112
). The principal climates of such ecoregions are dry desert, dry subtropical steppe, and Mediterranean climates. The most common vegetation includes large areas of cacti, chaparral, shrub-steppe, arid shrublands, desert grasslands, and patches of oak and pine woodlands at higher elevations. Most ecoregions (level III) with records of
Diguetia
are nested within North American Deserts, Temperate Sierras, and Great Plains ecoregions (level I) (
Fig. 112
).
Southwestern states of the
US
and northwestern of
Mexico
have high richness of species, especially California and
Sonora
with five species each. This richness decreases to the east and south; for example,
Tamaulipas
and
Guerrero
(
Mexico
) have one and two species respectively (
Fig. 113
). In North America, the Sonoran ecoregion (level III) have the highest richness of species of
Diguetia
with six species, followed by the Chihuahuan Desert and Mediterranean California ecoregions with five species each (
Fig. 114
). Moreover,
Diguetia
species
can be found from sea level to high elevations (
10–2,731m
). The following species have a broad altitude range:
D. canities
(
20–2,731m
),
D. albolineata
(
10–2,451m
),
D. propinqua
(
515–2,451m
),
D. imperiosa
(
32–1,966m
), and
D. signata
(
10–1,915m
).
Diguetia imperiosa
is here recorded for the first time in Baja
California
Sur.
Diguetia signata
, previously known from
Arizona
,
California
, and
Nevada
(
U.S.
A), is recorded from xeric shrub habitats of
Baja California Sur
and
Chihuahua
(
Mexico
) (
Table 1
,
Fig. 110
). We could not examine the female
type
of
D. stridulans
Chamberlin, 1924
, but to our knowledge the
type
is in poor condition (see
Gertsch 1958
), and the male is still unknown. In our opinion, a reexamination of the genitalic morphology of broadly distributed species is needed because it could reveal cryptic species. Moreover, the diversity of the genus could be higher because large areas within the known distribution of North American diguetids remain undersampled.