Revision of 18 ichneumonid fossil species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) highlights the need for open nomenclature in palaeontology
Author
Spasojevic, Tamara
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5301-5722
Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland
Author
Broad, Gavin R.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-5333
Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 6 BD, UK
Author
Klopfstein, Seraina
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-975X
Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland
seraina.klopfstein@bs.ch
text
Fossil Record
2022
2022-06-07
25
1
187
212
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034
2193-0074-1-187
6402F8F152294153823FCAEA106F90A1
86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD
Acerataspis? revelata (Brues, 1910)
comb. nov.
Fig. 5
* Pimpla revelata
Brues, 1910
Material.
Photographs examined of the
holotype
(#PALE-2158, referred to as #h) and of another specimen (#PALE-2159), which
Brues (1910)
placed tentatively in the same species, but expressing doubts; obtained from the MCZ.
Stratum.
Teller County, Florissant shales, Colorado, USA. Late Eocene (Chadronian), 37.2-33.9 Ma.
Description.
Sex unknown in holotype, second specimen is a female; we support the notion that the two specimens belong to the same species and base our description on both of them. Holotype showing ventral aspect; specimen #PALE-2159 in lateral (head and mesosoma) and dorsolateral (metasoma) aspect. Holotype with part of head, base of antennae, mesosoma, fore and most of hind wings, partial hind leg and segments on to partial five of metasoma. Specimen #PALE-2159 with head, almost complete antennae, mesosoma, fore wings, hind legs including tarsi and complete metasoma. Body length 9 mm (#PALE-2159).
Figure 5.
Acerataspis? revelata
(Brues, 1910), comb. nov.
A.
Photograph of the holotype obtained from the MCZ;
B.
Our interpretative drawing of the holotype;
C.
Photograph of the paratype obtained from the MCZ;
D.
Our interpretative drawing of the paratype. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations.
Fragments of dark colouration on most of body including T1, T2-T5 with orange or reddish colouration and lighter hind margins.
Head
with face apparently protruding (#PALE-2159), eyes smaller than usual in ichneumonids.
Antennae
with scape short and ovoid (#h), with more than 30 mostly transverse flagellomeres (#PALE-2159).
Mesosoma
rather short, with rather high and short pronotum with strong epomia; mesopleuron with strong but probably interrupted epicnemial carina curving anteriorly at mid height of pronotum (#PALE-2159), complete ventrally and dipping into medial sternal groove (#h); at least mesosternum, mesopleuron and metapleuron covered in strong and very dense punctures (#h). Propodeum with pleural carina complete (#PALE-2159), remaining carination unclear but probably with some portion of apical transverse and lateral longitudinal carina present (#PALE-2159); metapleuron rather high, with several diagonal carinulae starting at lower hind corner of metapleuron (visible in both specimens, in #h on both sides from ventral).
Fore wing
6.4 mm (#PALE-2159 5.0 mm), with areolet oblique-quadrate and strongly petiolate; pterostigma 4.5
x
longer than wide; cell 2R1 of average proportions (3
x
); vein 2m-cu with strong curve and one wide bulla anteriorly; 1cu-a meeting M + Cu far distally of 1M; 3Cu a bit longer than 2cu-a; 1M distinctly curved at base.
Hind wing
with cell 1Cu rather narrow and with subparallel sides; vein 1Rs a bit longer than rs-m; 1Cu about 1.5 times longer than cu-a.
Hind legs
with femur short and thick (#p 2.7
x
); hind tibia (#p 4.5
x
) with strong spines on outer side, mostly lightly coloured with dark base and apex (#PALE-2159).
Metasoma
rather short and stout; T1-T3 with two subparallel dorsal carinae; last tergites and last sternite enlarged; short ovipositor indicated, probably not much longer than metasoma height at apex (#PALE-2159).
Interpretation.
Brues (1910)
interpreted the holotype as showing a dorsal aspect, which probably led him to miss some crucial characters. The stout body, protruding face, short flagellomeres, and carinae on T1-T3 place these fossils in the subfamily
Metopiinae
. The extant genus
Acerataspis
seems a good match in terms of tergite carination, carinulae low on metapleuron and closed areolet, but the latter is much larger in the extant species and the antenna much more elongate; we thus place it in this genus with a question mark.
Metopiinae
Foerster
, 1869
Hypsicera
? Latereille, 1829