A revision of the genus Malus Mill. (Rosaceae) Author Li, Jing-chao CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China & School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China blackkiteii@foxmail.com Author Liu, Jian-quan School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China liujq@lzu.edu.cn Author Gao, Xin-fen CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China xfgao@cib.ac.cn text European Journal of Taxonomy 2022 2022-12-28 853 1 127 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.853.2019 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2022.853.2019 aedbf741-3844-4f1b-9c45-5504394416a9 2118-9773 7501371 22 . Malus coronaria (L.) Mill. Figs 51–52 Gardeners Dictionary, 8 th Ed .: Malus no. 2 ( Miller 1768 ). Pyrus coronaria L. , Species Plantarum Vol. 1 : 480 ( Linnaeus 1753 ) . – Type : COUNTRY UNKNOWN • s.d.; Linnaeus s.n. ; holotype : LINN [ LINN-HL647-5 ]! Malus bracteata Rehder , Trees & Shrubs Vol. 2 (4) : 230 ( Rehder 1913b ). – Pyrus bracteata L.H.Bailey , Rhodora 18: 154 ( Bailey 1916a ). – Malus coronaria var. bracteata (Rehder) Likhonos , Kul’turnaya Flora SSSR Vol. 14 : 34 ( Likhonos 1983 ) . – Type : USA • Campbell , Dunklin County ; 22 Apr. 1912 ; fl; B.F. Bush 6631A ; lectotype: A [ A00026590 ]!, here designated ; isolectotype: A [ 00026588 ]!, GH [ GH00026589 ] ! Malus coronaria var. dasycalyx Rehder , Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 2 (1): 52–53 ( Rehder 1920 ) . – Pyrus coronaria var. dasycalyx (Rehder) Fernald , Rhodora 49: 232 ( Fernald 1947 ) . – Type : USA • Ohio Toledo , Maumee River bank , Walbridge Park ; 28 Sep. 1914 ; fr; R.E. Horsey 253 ; lectotype: A [ A00026594 ]!, here designated ; isolectotype: A [ A00026593 , A00026595 ]! Malus coronaria var. dasycalyx f. charlottae Rehder , Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 2 (1): 53 ( Rehder 1920 ) . – Type : USA • Illinois , Waukegan ; 1 Jun. 1919 ; fl; E.P. Dewolf s.n. ; lectotype: A [ A00026591 ]!, here designated . Malus coronaria var. hoopesii Rehder , Trees & Shrubs Vol. 2 (3) : 142 ( Rehder 1911b ). – Malus platycarpa var. hoopesii (Rehder) Rehder , Trees & Shrubs Vol. 2 (4) : 227 ( Rehder 1913b ). – Pyrus platycarpa var. hoopesii L.H.Bailey , Rhodora 18: 154 ( Bailey 1916a ). – Type : USA • Massachussetts , Boston , Jamaica Plain , cultivated at the Arnold Arboretum; 9 Oct. 1903 ; fr; Anonymous s.n. ; lectotype: A [ 00026634 ]!, here designated . Malus coronaria var. puberula Rehder , Trees & Shrubs Vol. 2 (4) : 229‒230 ( Rehder 1913b ). – Malus angustifolia var. puberula (Rehder) Rehder , Mitteilungen der deutschen dendrologischen Gesellschaft 23: 261 ( Rehder 1914 ) . – Pyrus angustifolia var. puberula (Rehder) L.H.Bailey , Rhodora 18: 154 ( Bailey 1916a ). – Type : USA • Louisiana , Winnfield , Winn Parish ; 6 Apr. 1913 ; fl; C.S. Sargent s.n. ; lectotype: A [ A00026579 ]!, here designated ; isolectotype: A [ A00026580 ]! Malus fragrans Rehder , Trees & Shrubs Vol. 2 (4) : 228 ( Rehder 1913b ) . – Type : USA • New York , Ontario County , Canandaigua ; 19 May 1911 ; fl.; B.H. Slavin 2 ; lectotype: A [ A01861241 ]!, here designated ; isolectotype: A[ A01861269 ] ! Malus fragrans var. elongata Rehder , Trees & Shrubs Vol. 2 (4) : 229 ( Rehder 1913b ). – Pyrus elongata (Rehder) Ashe , Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 34 (3): 139 ( Ashe 1918b ), nom. nud. – Malus elongata (Rehder) Ashe , Bulletin of the Charleston Museum 12 (5): 38 ( Ashe 1916 ) . – Malus coronaria var. elongata (Rehder) Rehder, Mitteilungen der deutschen dendrologischen Gesellschaft 23: 261 ( Rehder 1914 ) . – Pyrus coronaria var. elongata L.H.Bailey , Rhodora 18: 154 ( Bailey 1916a ). – Type : USA • North Carolina , Highlands, Macon County , Highlands ; 20 May 1911 ; fl; T.G. Harbison 625 ; holotype: NCU [ NCU00043395 ]!; isotype: A [ A00026601 , A00026602 ]! Malus glabrata Rehder , Trees & Shrubs Vol. 2 (4) : 225, tab. 188 ( Rehder 1913a ). – Malus coronaria var. glabrata (Rehder) Likhonos , Kul’turnaya Flora SSSR Vol. 14 : 33 ( Likhonos 1983 ) . – Type : USA • North Carolina , Buncombe ; 29 Apr. 1911 ; fl; T.G. Harbison 522 ; holotype: NCU [ NCU00043536 ]!; isotype: A [ A00026603 , A00026604 ]!, NCU [ NCU00043537 ] ! Fig. 51. Distribution of Malus coronaria (L.) Mill. Fig. 52. Morphological characters of Malus coronaria (L.) Mill.; A00026579 (lectotype of Malus coronaria var. puberula Rehder ), NO0109795 (isotype of M. coronaria var. puberula ), IND0056951, M0213670, M0213671, M0213672, M0213673, P03302829, P03302830, P03302831, A00026591 (lectotype of M. coronaria var. dasycalyx f. charlottae ), A00026593 /A00026594 (isolectotype / lectotype of M. coronaria var. dasycalyx Rehder ), A00026595 (isolectotype of M. coronaria var. dasycalyx ), A00026601 (isotype of M. coronaria var. elongata (Rehder) Rehder ), A00026602 (isotype of M. coronaria var. elongata ), A00026634 (syntype of M. coronaria var. hoopesii Rehder ), A00026603 (isotype of M. glabrata Rehder ), A00026604 (isotype of M. glabrata ), NCU00043536 (holotype of M. glabrata ), NCU00043537 (isotype of M. glabrata ), A00026630 (lectotype of M. lancifolia Rehder ), NY01163660 (isolectotype of M. lancifolia ), GH00026631 (isolectotype of M. lancifolia ), P03240271 ( M. lancifolia ). Scale bars = 10 mm. Malus glaucescens Rehder , Trees & Shrubs Vol. 2 (3) : 139, tab. 187 ( Rehder 1911a ). – Malus coronaria var. glaucescens (Rehder) Likhonos , Kul’turnaya Flora SSSR Vol. 14 : 33 ( Likhonos 1983 ) . – Type : USA • New York , Rochester , Maple Grove Park ; 25 May 1904 and 1905; fl; J. Dunbar s.n. ; type: A, designated by Rehder 1913: 139. Malus lancifolia Rehder , Trees & Shrubs Vol. 2 (3) : 141, t. 157 ( Rehder 1911b ). – Pyrus coronaria var. lancifolia (Rehder) Fernald , Rhodora 49: 232 ( Fernald 1947 ) . – Malus coronaria var. lancifolia (Rehder) C.F.Reed, Phytologia 63 (5): 410 ( Reed 1987 ) . – Type : USA • Missouri , Jackson , Courtney ; 29 Apr. 1906 ; B.F. Bush 3869 ; lectotype: A [ A00026630 ]!, here designated ; isolectotype: GH [ GH00026631 ]!, NY [ NY01163660 ]! Malus platycarpa Rehder , Trees & Shrubs Vol. 2 (4) : 227, pl. 189 ( Rehder 1913b ). – Pyrus platycarpa L.H.Bailey , Rhodora 18: 154 ( Bailey 1916a ). – Malus coronaria var. platycarpa (Rehder) Likhonos , Kul’turnaya Flora SSSR Vol. 14 : 33 ( Likhonos 1983 ) . – Type : USA • North Carolina , Macon County , Franklin , Tennessee Valley ; 22 Apr. 1911 ; fl; T.G. Harbison 503; type: A [ A00026632 , A00026633 ]! – Malus platycarpa var. parvula Ashe , Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 49 (9): 268 ( Ashe 1922 ) . – Type : USA • Georgia , Habersham County ; Oct. 1913 ; W.W. A s.n. ; herbarium unknown . Pyrus carolinensis Ashe , Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 34 (3): 138 ( Ashe 1918b ). – Malus carolinensis Ashe , Bulletin of the Charleston Museum 14 (2): 10 ( Ashe 1918a ). – Type : USA • North Carolina , Transilvana County , Mills River ; 26 Sep. 1917 ; st; W.W. Ashe 60 ; lectotype: NY [ NY01163662 ]!, here designated ; isolectotype: NCU [ NCU00000344 , NCU00000345 ]! Examined specimens UNITED STATES – Alabama • Valleyhead ; 11 Oct. 1911 ; st; T.G. Harbison s.n. ; A • Piedmont ; 1 Nov. 1941 ; st; C. Dorman s.n. ; A . – Delaware • New Castle ; 15 May 1937 ; fl; R.R. Tatnall 3296 ; GH • near Stanton ; 13 May 1897 ; fl; Anonymous s.n. ; A [ 01861073 ] . – Georgia • Rabun ; 2 Jun. 1916 ; st; T.G. Harbison H1228 ; A . – Illinois • Waukegan ; 22 Jun. 1920 ; fl; E.P. Dewolf s.n. ; A . – Kentucky • Olympia Spring ; 11 Sep. 1913 ; st; C.S. Sargent s.n. ; A . – Louisiana • near Winnfield ; 6 Apr. ; fl; C.S. Sargent s.n. ; A . – Michigan • Oakland ; 2 Jun. 1931 ; fl; O.A. Farwell 8877 ; GH . – New York • Ontario ; 20 Sep. 1990 ; fr; Professor Zhen-Long Yan 1067 ; PE . – North Carolina • Clay ; 18 May 1980 ; fl; D.E. Boufford et al. 22098 ; HHBG , PE , SZ . – Ohio • Lorain ; 13 May and 14 Aug. 1913 ; fl, fr; F.O. Grover s.n. ; NAS • Fairfield ; 24 Sep. 1914 ; st; R.E. Horsey 223 ; A • Mahoning ; 27 May 1917 ; fl; R.E. Horsey 631 ; A . – Pennsylvania • Stromberg ; 22 May ; fl; C.S. Sargent s.n. ; A [ 01861497 ] . – Virginia • Tip Top ; 25 May 1914 ; fl; T.C. Harbison 1615 ; A . Description Small tree or shrub, 5‒10 m high. Branches terete, pubescent when young, glabrescent. Leaves petiolate, petiole ca 1.6‒2.3 cm long, puberulous or glabrous. Lamina ca 4.6‒5.6 × 2.8‒3.5 cm , oblong to ovate, base cordate, rounded or cuneate, equilateral, apex acute, rounded or obtuse, margin biserrate or entire, blade glabrous or puberulous, sometimes lobed. Inflorescence corymbose, with 4‒6 flowers. Pedicel ca 2.0‒ 3.3 cm long, crinite or glabrous. Hypanthium puberulous or glabrous. Sepals triangular, abaxially glabrous or puberulous, adaxially densely puberulous, persistent. Petals ca 1.2‒1.9 × 0.7‒1.3 cm , white, pink or premium pink, obovate to oblong. Stamens ca 20, unequal, with pink or purple anther. Styles 5, as long as or longer than stamens, pubescent at base. Pome ca 2.5‒3.5 cm in diameter, subglobose, yellow. Carpopodium ca 1.2‒4.0 cm long, puberulous or glabrous. Phenology Flowers from April to June. Mature fruits from September to November. Habitat Terrestrial, seasonally green, growing in forests and shrubs in open areas of valleys, beside streams or roadsides; 50‒1000 m a.s.l. Distribution United States ( Fig. 51 ). Chromosome numbers 2n = 34, 51, 68.