Taxonomic revision of Hemirrhagus Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae), with description of five new species from Mexico Author Mendoza Marroquín, Jorge I. text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2014 Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 2014-03-28 170 4 634 689 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12112 journal article 10.1111/zoj.12112 0024-4082 10273730 7BA11142-CBC1-4026-A578-EBAB6D2B6C0C HEMIRRHAGUS GUICHI SP. NOV. ( FIGS 42A–H , 43A–D , 44A–F , 49 ) Type material: Holotype ♂ and paratype ♀ AMNH , MEXICO : Oaxaca , La Cofradía ( 8 miles south-west of San Vicente Lachixio), 24.vii.1966 , col. C. M. B., K. S., J. S. and P. P. Examined. Diagnosis: The following character combination is diagnostic for H. guichi sp. nov. Male palpal bulb with slender embolus, as long as tegulum ( Fig. 43A, B ), SA retrolaterally extended, ends at embolus retrolateral face ( Fig. 43B, C ); VG shallow ( Fig. 43A ). Metatarsus I curved ( Fig. 42F ). Males with spinose setae on patellae I to IV, which are absent in females. Ocular tubercle and eyes normally developed, periocular pigmentation complete ( Figs 42C , 44D ). Urticating setae arranged in one dorsomedian patch, yellowish- orange in colour; with well-defined margins, posterior margin notched medially with sides straight forming a ‘V’ ( Figs 42E , 44C ). Spermathecae paired, very short, and close at the base, almost as long as wide ( Fig. 44F ). Hemirrhagus guichi sp. nov. differs from most Hemirrhagus species by the male having spinose setae on patellae I to IV. It differs from H. eros by the SA being retrolaterally extended and ending at embolus retrolateral face. It differs from H. benzaa sp. nov. by the posterior margin of urticating setae patch being notched medially with straight sides forming a ‘V’. It also differs by the males possessing more than five spinose setae on patellae I and II, and the embolus being as long as tegulum. Figure 42. Hemirrhagus guichi sp. nov. , male holotype AMNH. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection of the coxa (RP) on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth legs). C, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D, labial and maxillary cuspules. E, opisthosoma, dorsal view. F, metatarsus I, prolateral view. G, tibial apophyses, ventral view. H, tibial apophyses, prolateral view. Scale bars = 4 mm (A, B, E, F), 2 mm (D, G, H), 1 mm (C). Etymology: The specific name is a noun in apposition formed by the Zapotec word guichi , which means spine, referring to the large number of spinose setae that the male presents on the legs. Description: Holotype male ( Figs 42A–H , 43A–D ): body length (not including chelicerae and spinnerets) 32.28, chelicera length 5.64; carapace: 14.91 long, 12.97 wide. Caput not markedly elevated; fovea recurved, 2.75 wide ( Fig. 42A ). Eyes: anterior eye row straight, posterior eye row recurved. Periocular pigmentation complete and all eyes normally developed. Eye sizes and interocular distances: AME 0.28; ALE 0.45; PME 0.275; PLE 0.40; AME–AME 0.25; AME–ALE 0.125; PME–PME 0.825; PME–PLE 0.05; ALE–PLE 0.225. Ocular tubercle normally developed, width 1.93, length 1.45; clypeus lacking ( Fig. 42C ). Labium length 1.90; width 2.45; with 15 cuspules. Maxilla inner corner with approxi- mately 134 cuspules ( Fig. 42D ). Cheliceral promargin with 14 teeth (proximal to distal: first medium, second large, third-sixth medium, seventh-eighth large, ninth medium, tenth large, eleventh-twelfth medium, thirteenth large, fourteenth small). Sternum length 6.30. Sigillae large oval, third and fourth pairs hardly visible; fourth pair half its length from the margin ( Fig. 42B ). Figure 43. Hemirrhagus guichi sp. nov. , male holotype AMNH, right palpal bulb: A, prolateral view. B, retrolateral view. C, ventral view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: SA, subapical keel; VG, ventral groove. Scale bar = 1 mm. Figure 44. Hemirrhagus guichi sp. nov. , female paratype AMNH. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection of the coxa (RP) on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth legs). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. E, labial and maxillary cuspules. F, spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bars = 4 mm (A–C), 2 mm (E), 1 mm (D, F). Leg formula: IV, I, II, III. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 14.99, 7.38, 12.93, 12.48, 8.56, 56.34. II: 13.91, 7.05, 11.60, 11.46, 8.16, 52.18. III: 13.13, 6.33, 10.28, 11.52, 7.85, 49.11. IV: 15.42, 6.80, 13.03, 17.37, 9.05, 61.67. Palp: 9.25, 4.91, 8.38, -, 3.64, 26.18. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.3 long, 0.8 apart; PLS, 2.5 basal, 2.0 middle, 2.3 distal. Scopulae: tarsi I–IV densely scopulate; III divided by narrow band of setae and IV divided by strong band of setae. Metatarsi I and II densely scopulate; III scopulate on distal half , divided by narrow band of setae and IV scopulate on distal third, divided by strong band of setae. Tibia I with two apophyses, which do not originate from a common base, Pap normally developed, with one short spinose seta on ventral face, the spinose seta does not exceed the apex of Pap; Rap normally developed, broad at its base with one large and wide spinose seta on dorsal face, spinose seta does not exceed the apex of Rap ( Fig. 42G, H ). Metatarsus I curved ( Fig. 42F ). Stridulatory setae: lacking. Legs and palpi LSC in: palp trochanter retrolateral face, femur retrolateral face; leg I trochanter prolateral face, femur prolateral face. Chaetotaxy (left side): femora I 3p, 2r; II 1d, 3p, 3r; III 7p, 8r; IV 8p, 5r; palp 1p; patellae I 1p, 6v; II 2p, 6v; III 1v, 2r; IV 2v; palp 1v; tibiae I 4p, 11v, 3r; II 2p, 16v, 1r; III 4p, 16v, 5r; IV 4p, 15v, 6r; palp 1p, 6v; metatarsi I 4v; II 6v; III 6p, 13v, 7r; IV 6p, 14v, 10r. Palp: embolus slender, as long as tegulum; SA retrolaterally extended, ends at embolus base on retrolateral face. VG shallow. Embolus strongly curved retrolaterally on distal third ( Fig. 43A–D ). Urticating setae: type VI arranged in one dorsomedian patch, yellowish-orange in colour; with welldefined margins, posterior margin notched medially, with straight sides forming a ‘V’ ( Fig. 42E ) . Colour pattern: in ethanol the colour is dark brown, with the carapace, femora of legs, and palps darker. Paratype female ( Fig. 44A–F ): body length (not including chelicerae and spinnerets) 29.03, carapace: 12.60 long, 11.92 wide. Caput not elevated; fovea recurved, width 2.5 ( Fig. 44A ). Eyes: anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Periocular pigmentation complete, all eyes normally developed. Eye sizes and interocular distances: AME 0.325; ALE 0.45; PME 0.375; PLE 0.55; AME–AME 0.25; AME–ALE 0.10; PME–PME 0.75; PME–PLE 0.05; ALE–PLE 0.20. Ocular tubercle normally developed, width 2.1; length 1.2; clypeus lacking ( Fig. 44D ). Labium length 1.6; width 2.2; with 12 cuspules. Maxilla inner corner with approximately 154 cuspules ( Fig. 44E ). Cheliceral promargin with 12 teeth (proximal to distal: first-third large, fourth small, fifth-sixth medium, seventh-eighth large, ninth small, tenth-twelfth large). Sternum length 5.7. Sigillae large oval, second, third, and fourth pairs hardly visible; fourth pair once its length from the margin ( Fig. 44B ). Leg formula: IV, I, II, III. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 11.17, 6.74, 9.61, 7.60, 5.89, 41.01. II: 10.41, 5.69, 8.07, 7.41, 5.54, 37.12. III: 9.88, 5.36, 7.36, 8.22, 5.55, 36.37 IV: 12.17, 5.88, 9.91, 11.72, 6.47, 46.15. Palp: 8.04, 5.05, 6.12, -, 5.85, 25.06. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.1 long, 0.6 apart; PLS, 2.0 basal, 1.2 middle, 2.1 distal. Scopulae: tarsi I–IV densely scopulate, III and IV divided by strong band of setae. Metatarsi I and II densely scopulate, III scopulate on distal half, divided by strong band of setae and IV scopulate on distal third, divided by strong band of setae. Stridulatory setae: lacking. Legs and palpi LSC in: palp trochanter retrolateral face, femur retrolateral face; leg I trochanter prolateral face, femur prolateral face. Chaetotaxy (left side): femora I 1p; II 1p; III 1p; IV 1r; palp 1p; patellae none; tibiae I 1v; II 1v; III 2p, 4v, 2r; IV 2p, 5v, 2r; palp 1p, 9v; metatarsi I 2v; II 2v; III 3p, 10v, 2r; IV 2p, 8v, 3r. Genitalia: spermathecae paired, very short, and close at the base, almost as long as wide and slightly bent laterally ( Fig. 44F ). Urticating setae: type VI arranged in one dorsomedian patch, yellowish-orange in colour; with welldefined margins, posterior margin notched medially, with straight sides forming a ‘V’ ( Fig. 44C ) . Colour pattern: in ethanol the colour is dark brown, with the carapace, femora of legs, and palps darker. Distribution and natural history: Known only from La Cofradía, Oaxaca , Mexico ( Fig. 49 ). This species lives in pine forest.