A recent inventory of the bats of Mozambique with documentation of seven new species for the country Author Monadjem, Ara All Out Africa Research Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Swaziland, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland ara@uniswacc.uniswa.sz Author Schoeman, M. Corrie School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, Republic of South Africa Author Reside, April All Out Africa, P. O. Box 153, Lobamba, Swaziland Author P Io, Dorothea V. Département d’Ecologie et Evolution, Université de Lausanne, Biophore 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland Author Stoffberg, Samantha Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X 1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa Author Bayliss, Julian Mulanje Mountain Conservation Trust (MMCT), P. O. Box 139, Mulanje, Malawi & Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Author (Woody) Cotterill, F. P. D. AEON - Africa Earth Observatory Network, Departments of Geological Sciences, and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Republic of South Africa Author Curran, Michael Institute of Biogeography, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH- 4056, Switzerland Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, HIF C 13, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 15, CH- 8093 Zurich, Switzerland Durban Natural Science Museum, P. O. Box 4085, Durban, Republic of South Africa Department of Ecology and Resource Management, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X 5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, Republic of South Africa Corresponding author: E-mail: ara @ uniswacc. uniswa. sz Author Kopp, Mirjam Institute of Biogeography, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH- 4056, Switzerland Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, HIF C 13, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 15, CH- 8093 Zurich, Switzerland Durban Natural Science Museum, P. O. Box 4085, Durban, Republic of South Africa Department of Ecology and Resource Management, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X 5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, Republic of South Africa Corresponding author: E-mail: ara @ uniswacc. uniswa. sz Author Taylor, Peter J. Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, HIF C 13, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 15, CH- 8093 Zurich, Switzerland 11 Durban Natural Science Museum, P. O. Box 4085, Durban, Republic of South Africa text Acta Chiropterologica 2010 2010-12-01 12 2 371 391 journal article 21491 10.3161/150811010X537963 d8534224-63f8-4837-bff7-f3639a531b3d 1733-5329 3944583 Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Peters 1878 This species was recorded at eight sites in southern, central and northern Mozambique . A large colony was discovered in a cave system in the Cheringoma plateau (Appendix I). Peak echolocation frequencies ranged between 35–40 kHz (ANABAT, Pettersson D240x, n = 15). Variable peak echolocation frequencies for R. hildebrandtii populations have previously been recorded in Southern Africa ( Monadjem et al. , 2010 ). For example, calls recorded in South Africa have intermediate peak frequencies of ≈ 33 kHz at Sudwala caves and ≈ 44 kHz at Pafuri, in the Kruger National Park ( Schoeman and Jacobs, 2008 ; M. C. Schoeman, unpublished data). At Lutope Gorge, just south of Sengwa in Zimbabwe , 17 individuals with peak frequencies of ≈ 37 kHz and one with 46 kHz were captured and recorded ( Taylor et al. , 2005 ). Based on the analysis of two mtDNA genes (cytochrome b and control region), two divergent lineages of R. hildebrandtii are present in Mozambique (referred to as Clade1 and Clade 2 in Table 2 ), one comprising smaller-sized individuals occurring in savanna habitats at lower elevations (Namapa, Niassa Game Reserve, Gerhard’s Cave — Clade 2) and another comprising large-sized individuals from montane habitats (Mounts Mabu and Inago — Clade 1) (P. J. Taylor, S. Stoffberg, A. Monadjem, F. P. D. Cotterill, and M. C. Schoeman, unpublished data). These two forms are morphologically distinct as shown by the non-overlap between them in most cranial measurements ( Table 2 ). Field measurements: For the low elevation taxon, FA (adult male) 63.3 ± 1.40 (60.1–65.2, 12); Bm (adult male) 30.9 ± 2.57 (28.0–34.5, 12); FA (adult female) 62.2 ± 2.16 (59.6–64.6, 4); Bm (adult female) 27.88 ± 5.04 (23.5–34.0, 4). Mean nose-leaf width was 14.36 ± 0.49 for males ( n = 12) and 14.35 ± 0.72 for the females ( n = 4). For two females from Mounts Mabu and Inago (montane form), mean FA was 67.5 (66–69) mm. Nose-leaf width for these two females was 15.0 and 15.1 mm .