Taxonomic revision of Perdita subgenus Heteroperdita Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), with descriptions of two ant-like males Author Portman, Zachary M. Author Neff, John L. Author Griswold, Terry text Zootaxa 2016 4214 1 1 97 journal article 37279 10.11646/zootaxa.4214.1.1 49582659-158e-463e-9f56-6bf6ae3d634b 1175-5326 253086 9FAD41E4-36F3-4AE0-B626-6A372E894A59 Perdita sexfasciata Timberlake Figs. 10 B, 11B, 12B, 13B, 23O, 24Q, 47B, 48, 57C, 60A–B Perdita ( Heteroperdita ) sexfasciata Timberlake, 1954 : 368 , ♂. Holotype ♂ ( CAS type no. 14706), 4 miles east of Edom , Riverside Co. , California , USA . Perdita ( Heteroperdita ) optiva Timberlake, 1954 : 371 , ♀ (not type ♂). Perdita ( Heteroperdita ) fasciatella Timberlake, 1980 : 7 , ♀. Holotype ♀ ( CAS type no. 14520), Bouse , Mojave Co. , Arizona , USA . Syn. n. Diagnosis. Both sexes of P. sexfasciata have the metasoma black with white stripes apically on the discs of the terga ( Figs. 10 B, 11B). Both sexes also share a slightly carinate omaulus, which is unique in Heteroperdita . The female is similar in coloration to P. trifasciata and P. optiva . It can be distinguished by the pygidial plate, which is large and broadly rounded ( Fig. 24 Q), whereas in P. trifasciata the pygidial plate is narrowly spatulate and in P. optiva it is triangular. The male can be further recognized by having the head oval and non-quadrate ( Fig. 12 B), pygidial plate with apex evenly rounded ( Fig. 23 O), and five white bands on the terga. FIGURE 48. Perdita sexfasciata (A) female lateral habitus (UCRC266156; La Paz Co., AZ), (B) male lateral habitus (141743; Mohave Co., AZ). Scale bars = 1 mm. Redescription of female. Length: 3.5 mm . Forewing length: 2.2 mm . Coloration. Head ( Fig. 13 B) and mesosoma base color black with metallic greenish or bluish luster; clypeus black with medial abbreviated white stripe; supraclypeal mark dark brown; paraocular mark white, triangular, extending along eye up to level of top of antennal socket; mandible white, tip brownish-orange; labrum dark brown; scape dark brown, more or less lightened apically; antenna brown dorsally, tan ventrally and apically; pronotal collar dark brown with metallic tints with pair of white transverse marks dorso-posteriorly; pronotal lobe white; legs dark brown except more or less white on apex of femur, anterior fore and mid tibiae, joint of hind femur and hind tibia, all basitarsi; wing veins brown; metasoma black except T1–T5 with white bands along margins of discs, bands thicker laterally and medially ( Fig. 11 B); T2 fovea black; pygidial plate brown. Structure and vestiture. Head broader than long ( Fig. 13 B); lateral area covered by recumbent white pubescence up to level of fovea; eyes subparallel, slightly converging ventrally; facial fovea teardrop-shaped, angled medially towards antennal socket, extending from level of tops of antennal sockets half distance to apex of eye; mandible with small blunt subapical tooth; labrum quadrate, slightly less than 2X broader than long; disc of clypeus broader than high, convex, apically protruding 1 OD from face; lateral extension reaching 1/3 distance to base of mandible; venter of head with abundant inward-facing broadly hooked hairs; mesosoma strongly tessellate, impunctate, slightly shiny; pronotal collar slightly impressed, humeral angle weak; omaulus with distinct but weak carina; mesepisternum sparsely covered with combination of recumbent and erect white pubescence; scutum with exceptionally sparse and fine pubescence; fore coxa and anterior venter of mesepisternum with abundant, broadly hooked hairs; apex of mid tibia with some short, thick, curved setae; forewing with second medial cell present; metasoma oval, slightly wide basally, tapering apically, widest at T3 ( Fig. 11 B); terga tessellate and impunctate; T2 fovea long, linear, 3/4 length of T2; pygidial plate wide, apex broadly rounded, margin flexed dorsally ( Fig. 24 Q); hairs of prepygidial fimbria slightly thickened, sparse. Redescription of male. Length: 3.1 mm . Forewing length: 1.9 mm . Coloration. Head ( Fig. 12 B) and mesosoma base color black with metallic bluish luster; clypeus yellowishwhite, sometimes invaded by brown basally; supraclypeal mark yellowish-white, small, often reduced or absent; paraocular mark yellowish-white, triangular, reaching level of top of antennal socket; mandible white, tip reddish; labrum ranging from dull white to dark brown; scape dark brown, more or less yellowish-white anteriorly; antenna dark brown, lightened to tan ventrally; pronotal collar brown with slight metallic blue tints with pair of wellseparated transverse yellowish-white marks dorso-posteriorly; pronotal lobe dull white; legs dark brown except yellowish-white on anterior fore and mid tibiae, basally on fore and mid basitarsi, joint of hind tibia and hind femur, and hind basitarsi; wing veins brown; metasoma dark brown except T1–T6 with white bands along margins of discs, bands thicker laterally and medially ( Fig. 10 B); T2 fovea black, obscure; pygidial plate dark brown. Structure and vestiture. Head oval, broader than long ( Fig. 12 B); face, except for clypeus and frons, sparsely covered by recumbent white pubescence, pubescence thicker in lateral areas; eyes slightly converging ventrally; mandible simple, extending to far side of labrum in repose; labrum quadrate, 1.5X broader than long; disc of clypeus broader than high, slightly convex, apically protruding 1 OD from face; lateral extension reaching 1/3 distance to base of mandible; head with short thickened pubescence ventrally; mesosoma strongly tessellate, impunctate, slightly shiny; pronotal collar slightly impressed, humeral angle weak; omaulus with distinct but weak carina; mesepisternum and margins of scutum sparsely covered by combination of recumbent and erect white pubescence; hind tibia with sparse, thickened hairs; metasoma more or less equal in width to mesosoma, oval, slightly wide basally, tapering apically, widest at T3 ( Fig. 10 B); terga tessellate and impunctate; T2 fovea linear, slightly thickened, 1/3 length of T2; pygidial plate short, spatulate, apex broadly truncate, margins flexed upwards ( Fig. 23 O); hairs of prepygidial fimbria slightly thickened, sparse. Terminalia . S8 ( Fig. 57 C) with spiculum bifurcate; lateral apodemes prominent, strongly curving downwards; apical portion broader than long, moderately convex, sides very slightly converging up to small subapical points, then converging more strongly to truncate apex, apex shallowly and broadly emarginate; short hairs ventrally; lacking thinned cuticular area. Genital capsule as in Figs. 60 A–B. Gonostyli separated dorsally by relatively narrow V-shape; dorsal lobe of gonostylus large, broad, rounded; ventral lobe equal in length to dorsal lobe, relatively narrow with few minute hairs on apex; volsella large, extending beyond gonostylus; cuspis slightly curved dorsally with spicules dorsally on apex; digitus short and slender with single spicule on inner margin of apex; penis valve large with minute spots basoventrally, extending beyond rest of genitalia, fused nearly to apex, apex broad and flat with acute lateral angles diverging outwards; endophallus not apparent. Floral records. Boraginaceae (34 ♂ 9 ♀): Nama sp. 19 ♂, Tiquilia latior 2 ♂, T. palmeri 8 ♂ 4 ♀, T. plicata 5 ♂ 5 ♀. Phenology. Active in spring (April to June). Distribution. Mojave and Sonoran Deserts ( Fig. 47 B), USA (and likely Mexico ). Type material examined. Perdita sexfasciata Holotype data: ♂ , CALIFORNIA : Riverside Co. : 4 miles east of Edom , 17 April 1937 , P.H. Timberlake , at flowers of Coldenia palmeri [= Tiquilia palmeri (A. Gray) A.T. Richardson ] ( CAS type no. 14706). Perdita fasciatella Holotype data : ♀ , CALIFORNIA : San Bernardino Co. : Bouse [since Bouse is not in California , the true state and county data is Arizona , Mojave Co. ], 19 May 1970 , P.F. Torchio , on flowers of Nama ( P.F. Torchio often incorrectly identified Tiquilia as Nama ( T. Griswold , pers. comm.)) ( CAS type no. 14520). Perdita fasciatella Paratype data : 2 ♀ , same data as P. fasciatella holotype . Additional material examined. Total specimens: 36 ♂ 9 ♀ . ARIZONA : La Paz Co . : Parker , 6 mi E ; Shea Rd. (34.1322 -114.2288): 1 ♂ 2 ♀ , 17 Apr 2010 , G.R. Ballmer , Tiquilia palmeri ; Mohave Co. : Topock , 2 mi N (34.74 -114.48): 16 ♂ , 1 May 1983 , P.F. Torchio , Nama sp.; Topock (34.71 -114.48): 3 ♂ , 13 May 1983 , P.F. Torchio , N. sp.. CALIFORNIA : Imperial Co. : nr Mount Signal (32.67843 -115.64033): 1 ♂ , 15 Apr 1973 , J.D. Pinto ; Riverside Co. : Bradshaw Trail Rd. , ca. 6.3 mi W Graham Pass Rd. (33.4483 -115.2683): 4 ♂ 2 ♀ , 15 Apr 2013 , M. C. Orr , T. palmeri ; San Bernardino Co. : 20 mi S Needles (34.55888 -114.64611): 1 ♂ , 18 Apr 1967 , P.F. Torchio , N. Youssef ; Needles, 20 mi S (34.56869 -114.6445): 1 ♂ , 18 Apr 1967 , P.F. Torchio , N. Youssef. NEVADA : Clark Co. : Cottonwood Cove (35.4875 -114.6944): 2 ♂ , 4 May 1998 , K. Receveur , C. Schultz , T. latior ; 5 ♂ 5 ♀, 11 Jun 1998 , K. Keen, C. Schultz, T. plicata ; Davis Dam, W (35.1857 -114.5905): 1 ♂, 13 May 1998 , M. Andres, K. Keen, T. palmeri ; Laughlin, W (35.1833 -114.6167): 1 ♂, 13 May 1998 , K. Receveur, C. Schultz, T. palmeri . Remarks. Perdita sexfasciata was described from the male sex by Timberlake (1954) . In the same publication, the female of P. sexfasciata was erroneously described as the female of P. optiva ; this mismatch was rectified by Timberlake (1968) . Examination of the holotype and both paratypes of P. fasciatella reveal them to be specimens of P. sexfasciata . Timberlake (1980) cited differences in the facial maculations and the shape of the pygidial plate to split it from P. sexfasciata . The differences in the pygidial plate are not apparent and the facial maculations are within the natural level of variation seen in P. sexfasciata .