Revision of the millipede genus Parafontaria VerhoeV, 1936 (Diplopoda, Xystodesmidae) Author Tanabe, T. text Journal of Natural History 2002 2002-12-31 36 18 2139 2183 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930110085610 journal article 10.1080/00222930110085610 1464-5262 5299222 Parafontaria tokaiensis n. sp. (gures 2, 7A, 11D, 13H, 15H, 18, 19) Diagnosis. Similar to P. shiraiwaensis but diVering in the thicker telopodite of the gonopods and details of the distal part of the gonopods (gure 11D, E). Male holotype . Gonopodal characters as follows (gures 7A, 11D). Telopodite forming one and a half loops. Femur with femoral bend, without either mesal or lateral teeth. Tibiotarsus bent dorsally near border between femur and tibiotarsus; tibiotarsal process short and acute, located at two-thirds of length, directed mesally, completely visible in mesal view; apical process acuminate; mesal process slender; solenomerite forming small process. Colour in life (based on male holotype ). Tergites orange, with brown stripes along paranotal and posterior margins of metatergites and both anterior and posterior margins of collum. Female paratype . Coxae and sternite of segment 3 modi ed as in gure 13H. Cyphopodal bellows tube soft, not sclerotized, without at region on posterior surface (gure 15H). Measurements (in mm, mean (range)). Males ( N =6): HW 4.28 (4.1–4.6), MTW 6.75 (6.5–7.1). Females ( N =7) HW 4.67 (4.3–5.0), MTW 7.14 (6.8–7.6). Distribution (gure 2). Honshu: Shizuoka Prefecture . Etymology. The speci c name refers to the distributional area. Specimens examined. Shizuoka Prefecture : Kotonomamahachimang û Shrine , 50 m alt., along NR 1 , Yasaka, Kakegawa-shi, 6 August 1987 ( TT ), one female . Locality and collector as above, 6 October 1991 collected— cultured— 20 October 1991 xed, male holotype ( NSMT ), two male paratypes ( NSMT ), one male , two female paratypes ( NSMT ), three females . CJ , 50 m alt., near Ôkuni-jinja Shrine, Mori-machi, Shyuchi-gun, 6 August 1987 ( TT ), three males . Parafontaria shiraiwaensis Shinohara, 1986 (gures 2, 7B, C, 11E, 18, 19) Parafontaria shiraiwaensis Shinohara, 1986: 7 , gure 6, male holotype (NSMT, examined), type locality: Mt Shiraiwa-san, Ôtaki-mura, Chichibu-gun, Saitama Prefecture ; Murakami, 1993: 99. Diagnosis. Similar to P. tokaiensis but separable from that species by the thinner telopodite and details of the distal part of the gonopods (gure 11D, E). Male holotype . Gonopodal characters as follows (gures 7B, C, 11E). Telopodite forming one and a half loops (see Remarks ). Femur with femoral bend, both mesal and lateral teeth. Tibiotarsus bent dorsally near border between femur and tibiotarsus; tibiotarsal process short and spatulate, located at three-quarters of length, completely visible in mesal view; apical process spatulate; mesal process short and acute; solenomerite forming small process. Colour in life. According to original description, general colour yellowish brown. Female. Unknown. 2014 Distribution Measurements (gure (in mm 2).). Honshu Male holotype : Saitama : HW Prefecture 3.5, MTW. 5.5 . February to loosely form Remarks than one. in and The its a natural half telopodite loops condition in of the the due natural gonopods to the condition ethanol of the. holotype xation (seems gure 7 to C loop). It seems more 13 Specimen examined. Holotype (see synonymy), 2 August 1960 ( KS ). 09 : 23 Parafontaria falcifera (VerhoeV, 1936) at ] (gures 2, 7D, 11F, 13I, 15I, 18, 19) Bath Fontaria pod and ( Japonari pregonopodal) falcifera legs Verhoeprepared V , 1936 by a: previous 157, pl. 3 worker , gure) 11 and, male one male holotype paratype (right ( ZSM gono-, of examined), type localities (see Remarks ): Tsurugi-machi , Ishikawa-gun , Ishikawa University Japonaria Japonaria Parafontaria Prefecture ( falcifera Japonaria falcifera and: Ikaho-machi Takakuwa): falcifera Murakami ,: 1954 Attems,, Kitagunma-gun 1993: 79,:, 1938 99 gure.: 175 84,,; Gunma Miyosi gure 192, Prefecture 1959.: 86,. pl. 5, gure 68. [ by Diagnosis. Separable from all the other congeners in having the short triangular Downloaded (forming tibiotarsal gure Male 7D one holotype ). process and. a half and Gonopodal loops two. lateral Femur characters with anges as femoral of follows the bend tibiotarsus (gures and 7 mesal D, of 11F tooth the). Telopodite gonopods, without lateral tooth. Tibiotarsus bent dorsally near border between femur and tibiotarsus, with two anges laterally; tibiotarsal process short and triangular, located at threequarters of length, completely visible in mesal view; apical process slender; mesal process slender; solenomerite forming small process. Colour in life (based on male from Shimizudani-machi—Higashihara-machi, Kanazawa-shi, Ishikawa Prefecture ). Tergites bluish-greenish grey, without stripes. Female (based on female from near Uchikawa Dam, Kanazawa-shi, Ishikawa Prefecture ). Coxae and sternite of segment 3 modi ed as in gure 13I. Cyphopodal bellows tube somewhat sclerotized in proximal region, with at region on posterior surface (gure 15I). Variation. Millipedes from near Uchikawa Dam, Kanazawa-shi, Ishikawa Prefecture show greyish brown tergites. Development of the at region of female cyphopods varies among populations and even within a population. One female from Shimizudani-machi —Higashiharamachi, Kanazawa-shi, Ishikawa Prefecture , entirely lacks it. 2014 February 13 09: 23 at] Bath of University [by Downloaded Measurements (in mm, mean (range)). Males ( N =10): HW 4.28 (3.9–4.7), MTW 7.45 (6.8–8.3). Females ( N =6): HW 4.82 (4.4–5.2), MTW 7.97 (7.3–8.5). Distribution (gure 2). Honshu: Gunma , Toyama , Ishikawa and Gifu Prefectures. Remarks. According to both the original description and the labels attached to the types , the type locality is ‘Turugi Ikaho bei Tokyo’. Miyosi (1968) showed that the type locality was mislabelled, and that the correct localities from where the type series comes are Tsurugi-machi, Ishikawa Prefecture and Ikaho-machi, Gunma Prefecture , which lie 190 km from each other. However, subsequent specimens have been collected from 10 localities near Tsurugi-machi but not from Ikaho-machi nor its vicinity (gure 2). These facts suggest that the correct type locality is Tsurugimachi. Specimens examined. Gunma Prefecture : types (see synonymy), date and collector unknown . Toyama Prefecture : Nakanokawachi , 360 m alt., Koyabe-kyo Ravine , Fukumitsu-machi , Nishitonami-gun , 21 August 1994 ( NT ), one male , one female . CJ, along NR 156, 340 m alt., Hosojima , Kamitaira-mura , Higashitonamigun , 23 July 1993 ( TT ), 10 males , 10 females . Ishikawa Prefecture : CJ , 140 m alt., Mt Hôdatsu-san , Oshimizu-machi , Hakui-gun , 24 August 1994 ( NT ), four males . CJ, along NR 30 , 70 m alt., Shimizudani-machi—Higashihara-machi , Kanazawashi , 23 July 1993 ( TT ), three males , three females . CJ , Kokyo-machi , Kanazawashi , 23 July 1993 ( TT ), 14 males , ve females, one 7S male. Near Uchikawa Dam , Kanazawa-shi , 17 May 1980 ( H. Tokumoto ), one male . CJ , 200 m alt., near Uchikawa Dam , Kanazawa-shi , 22 July 1993 ( TT ), one male , two females . CJ, along NR 157, 530 m alt., Dônomori , Shiramine-mura , Ishikawa-gun , 24 July 1993 ( TT ), eight males , four females . CJ , Mt Rokuman-san , Shiramine-mura , Ishikawagun , 29 July 1991 ( H. Tokumoto ), one male , one female . Gifu Prefecture : Ôshirakawa , Shiramine-mura , Ôno-gun , 3 August 1986 ( Y. Takai ), one male . Literature record. Ishikawa Prefecture : Uchio, 430 m alt., Kawachi-mura, Ishikawa-gun ( Nishikawa and Murakami, 1994 ).