New Protosmylinae (Neuroptera: Osmylidae) from the early Eocene of western North America, with taxonomic remarks Author Makarkin, Vladimir N. 0000-0002-1304-0461 Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. vnmakarkin@mail.ru Author Archibald, S. Bruce Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V 5 A 1 S 6, Canada. & Museum of Comparative Zoology, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America; and Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, BC, V 8 W 9 W 2, Canada. Author Mathewes, Rolf W. Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V 5 A 1 S 6, Canada. text Zootaxa 2021 2021-05-31 4980 1 142 156 journal article 20903 10.11646/zootaxa.4980.1.9 c6aedffd-0196-45d9-acc3-071c4e886e66 1175-5326 4883181 E4D00067-F4F3-4BC5-9CDA-6532773B56B0 Subfamily Protosmylinae Krüger, 1913 Type genus . Protosmylus Krüger, 1913 (= Osmylidia Cockerell, 1908 ). Emended diagnosis (based on wings) . Wings may be distinguished from those of other subfamilies of Osmylidae by a combination of the following. Forewing: Subcostal veinlets almost always simple (very rarely some forked) [ Osmylinae : mostly forked]; trichosors along almost entire wing margin [ Gumillinae : restricted to apical region]; one subcostal crossvein, positioned basally [Porisminae: numerous along entire subcostal space]; all or nearly all crossveins in radial space forming three to four gradate series (except some Lysmus ) [all or nearly all crossveins ( Gumillinae , Porisminae, Eidoporisminae ) or proximal crossveins (other subfamilies) irregularly arranged]; M forked at level or only slightly proximad termination of A1 [ Osmylinae , Kempyninae : much distad; Stenosmylinae , Porisminae, Eidoporisminae : much proximad]; between CuA, CuP ≤ 5 crossveins (up to 8 in some Lysmus ) [ Spilosmylinae : about 10 or more]; CuA pectinate, with 2–6 branches; CuP with 3–7 pectinate branches (up to 9 in some Lysmus ) [ Spilosmylinae : 8–15]. Hind wing: MP lacks anteriorly directed basal spur-like process [ Spilosmylinae : present]; CuP relatively short, shallowly (not pectinately) branched or simple [ Kempyninae , Osmylinae , Stenosmylinae , Porisminae, Eidoporisminae : long, pectinately branched]. Genera included . Ten genera: † Sogjuta Martynova, 1958 (Early to Late Jurassic, Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia ), sit. nov. ; † Juraheterosmylus Wang et al ., 2010 (late Middle / early Late Jurassic, China ); † Jurosmylus Makarkin & Archibald, 2005 (Late Jurassic, Kazakhstan ); † Protosmylina Jepson et al . 2009 (Early Cretaceous, England ); † Osmylidia (= Protosmylus , Priabonian, Baltic amber, syn. nov. ), and † Pseudosmylidia Makarkin, 2017 (Priabonian, North America and Europe); Heterosmylus Krüger, 1913 , Gryposmylus Krüger, 1913 , and Lysmus Navás, 1911 (extant, all southeastern Asia); Paryphosmylus Krüger, 1913 (extant, Ecuador ). Remarks. The venation of some species of Lysmus is very similar to that of the Spilosmylinae , e.g. , L. harmandinus Navás, 1910 (see Makarkin 1985 : Fig. 3 ; Winterton et al . 2019 : Fig. 34). Moreover, this genus had long been considered a member of the Spilosmylinae . Lysmus , however, lacks an important synapomorphy of Spilosmylinae , the presence of an anteriorly directed basal spur-like process in the hind wing MP. Also, the male genitalia of Lysmus are typical for Protosmylinae (see Wang 2010). According to Article 40.1 of ICZN, a family-group name is not replaced with a new family-group name when the name of its type genus is considered to be a junior synonym of another genus. Hence, Protosmylinae retains this name following designation of Protosmylus as a junior synonym of Osmylidia .