Multilocus phylogeny and morphological analyses illuminate overlooked diversity of Soriculus (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae), with descriptions of two new endemic species from the eastern Himalayas
Author
Chen, Zhongzheng
Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China & State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
jiangxl@mail.kiz.ac.cn.
Author
Pei, Xiaoxin
Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China & State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
Author
Hu, Jiangxiao
Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
Author
Song, Wenyu
Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
Author
Khanal, Laxman
Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
Author
Li, Quan
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
Author
Jiang, Xuelong
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
jiangxl@mail.kiz.ac.cn.
text
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2024
2023-09-28
201
2
534
548
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad131
journal article
10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad131
0024-4082
13219976
0EE61D6-B54D-42E8-9EA1-82E505AAF6F2Corresponding
Genus
Soriculus Blyth, 1854
Type species:
Soriculus nigrescens
(
Gray, 1842
)
.
Figure 2.
Results of the principal components (A) and discriminant function analysis (B) analysis of
Soriculus
based on the 18 log
10
- transformed craniomandibular variables.
Figure 3.
Phylogenetic trees of the genus
Soriculus
based on (A) the concatenated mtDNA and (B) the concatenated nDNA using the ML and BI methods. Node numbers indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap supports (UFBoot).
Remarks:
Shrews in
Soriculus
are medium to large sized in the tribe
Nectogalini
, with W
7.7–20.7 g
, HB
62–93 mm
; and CIL
19.2–24.5 mm
(
Table 1
). These shrews have a rather stout body and enlarged foreclaws. The dorsal pelage of the shrews varies in colour, from brown to almost black, ventral pelage slighter paler than the dorsum. The pinnae are small, but visible. The tail is about half the head and body length (TL/HB = 43–74%) and gently tapered; the tail is not sharply bicolored, and is similar in colour to the dorsal and ventral fur. The skull is robust and bony, and the coronoid process is spatulate. The dental formula of the genus is: I 3/2, C 1/0, P 2/1, M 3/3 (×2) = 30, following the tooth nomenclature of
Hutterer (2005b)
. There are four upper unicuspids. M
3
, the entoconid crest of M
1
, and the labial cingulum of the lower molars are reduced. The teeth are lightly pigmented orange or reddish.
Comparisons:
Soriculus
can be distinguished from the other Nectogaline genera by the combination of its enlarged foreclaws, reduced M 3 and the entoconid crest of M 1, and a spatulate coronoid process. It can further be distinguished from
Chodsigoa
,
Chimarrogale
, and
Nectogale
by the four upper unicuspids (three in
Chodsigoa
,
Chimarrogale
, and
Nectogale
). The tail of
Soriculus
(TL/HB <75%) is relatively shorter than
Chodsigoa
and
Episoriculus
(TL/HB> 80%). The teeth of
Soriculus
are lightly pigmented which differ from the unpigmented teeth in
Nectogale
and
Chimarrogale
. The normal tail of
Soriculus
is noticeably different than the keeled tail with long stiff hairs in
Neomys
.
Figure 4.
Bayesian phylogenetic tree of genus
Soriculus
based on the concatenated sequences of 13 mitochondrial PCGs, 12S rRNA, and 16S rRNA genes. Node numbers indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (
PP
).
Distribution and habitat:
The genus is restricted to the Himalayas and the southern Hengduan Mountains (specifically the Gaolingong Mountains) from
Nepal
to northern
India
,
Bhutan
, northern
Myanmar
, and western
China
(southern
Tibet
and western
Yunnan
). Its enlarged foreclaws, small ears, and short tail indicate a semi-fossorial lifestyle. It occurs in various montane forests, open rocky areas, and in the alpine zone above the timberline at elevations from
700 m
to
4500 m
a.s.l..