Three new Chaerilus from Malaysia (Tioman Island) and Thailand (Scorpiones Chaerilidae) with a review of C cimrmani C sejnai and C tichyi Author Kovařík, František Author Lowe, Graeme Author Šťáhlavský, František text Euscorpius 2018 268 1 27 journal article 1536-9307 73665FA8-D9E4-4996-8176-E22BB56086BD Chaerilus neradorum sp . n . ( Figs. 44–67 , 117–118 , Table 1 ) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:21E879 2C-9989-4747-A6BD-FD75CD80F989 T YPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY . Thailand , Samui , 9.46555°N 99.98419°E ; FKCP. Figures 37–38: Chaerilus majkusi sp . n . , female paratype (37) and Chaerilus sejnai Kovařík, 2005 , male (38) in vivo habitus. Figures 39–40: Chaerilus majkusi sp . n . , male holotype (39) and female paratype with newborns (40) in vivo habitus. TYPE MATERIAL . Thailand , Samui , 9.46555°N 99. 98419°E ( Fig. 44 ), 1♂ (1216), leg. L. Nerad , FKCP . ETYMOLOGY. The specific epithet honors Ladislav Nerad and his wife Hana ( Czech Republic ) for their invaluable contributions to the knowledge of the scorpion fauna of Thailand . DIAGNOSIS. Total length of male holotype 23.25 mm . Two pairs of lateral eyes and one pair of median eyes. Figures 41–42: Chaerilus tichyi Kovařík, 2000 , male (41) and female (42) topotypes in vivo habitus. Chela length/width ratio in male 2.4. Movable and fixed fingers of pedipalp with 11 imbricated granule rows. Fingers straight. Chela of pedipalp with 8 carinae. Pectinal teeth number 6 in males. Carapace and tergites sparsely granulated. All sternites smooth without carinae and granules. First metasomal segment with 10 Figures 43–44: Chaerilus , collection localities. Figure 43 . C. majkusi sp . n . , type locality. Figure 44 . C. neradorum sp . n . , type locality. Figures 45–46: Chaerilus neradorum sp . n . , holotype male, dorsal (45) and ventral (46) views. Scale bar: 10 mm. carinae, second to fourth segments with 8 carinae. All metasomal segments very sparsely granulated. DESCRIPTION. Total length of male holotype 23.25 mm , female unknown. Two well developed pairs of lateral eyes and one pair of median eyes. The chelicerae are finely granulated, yellow and strongly reticulate, anteriorly black. For the position and distribution of trichobothria, see Figs. 52–58 . For measurements, see Table 1. COLORATION ( Figs. 45–46 ). The color is orange to brown, spotted. Figures 47–51: Chaerilus neradorum sp . n . , holotype male, carapace and tergites I–III (47), sternopectinal region and sternites (48), metasoma and telson, lateral (49), ventral (50), and dorsal (51) views. Scale bar: 5 mm (49–51). Figures 52–66: Chaerilus neradorum sp . n . , holotype male, pedipalp chela, dorsal (52), externodorsal (53), and ventrointernal (5 4) views. Pedipalp patella, dorsal (55), external (56) and ventral (57) views. Pedipalp femur and trochanter, dorsal (58) and ventral (59) views. Movable (60) and fixed (61) fingers. Left legs I–IV, retrolateral/ventral aspects (62–66). The trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 52–58. Figures 67–68: Chaerilus neradorum sp . n . , male holotype (67) and Chaerilus cimrmani Kovařík, 2012 , male (68) in vivo habitus. CARAPACE AND MESOSOMA ( Figs. 47–48 ). The entire carapace is covered by large granules which do not form carinae. The anterior margin of the carapace is almost straight to weakly concave. The mesosomal tergites are irregularly, sparsely granulated. All sternites are smooth without carinae and granulation. Sternite V with smooth patch weakly indicated. Pectinal teeth number 6 in male holotype .

C. majkusi sp. n.		C. neradorum sp. n.
Dimensions (MM)	♂ holotype	♀ paratype	♂ holotype
Carapace	L / W	3.925 / 4.175	3.825 / 4.175	3.850 / 3.550
Mesosoma	L	5.950	10.300	5.300
Tergite VII	L / W	1.375 / 3.525	1.950 / 3.950	2.075 / 3.200
Metasoma & telson	L	17.025	14.625	14.100
Segment I	L / W / D	1.675 / 2.425 / 1.938	1.325 / 2.258 / 1.875	1.350 / 2.250 / 1.650
Segment II	L / W / D	1.800 / 2.013 / 1.838	1.550 / 1.950 / 1.700	1.675 / 1.900 / 1.475
Segment III	L / W / D	2.000 / 1.950 / 1.700	1.700 / 1.825 / 1.600	1.750 / 1.775 / 1.450
Segment IV	L / W / D	2.325 / 1.850 / 1.675	1.950 / 1.725 / 1.550	1.975 / 1.650 / 1.400
Segment V	L / W / D	4.325 / 1.850 / 1.750	3.725 / 1.775 / 1.575	3.425 / 1.550 / 1.366
Telson	L / W / D	4.900 / 1.775 / 1.600	4.375 / 1.750 / 1.525	3.925 / 1.625 / 1.463
Pedipalp	L	12.825	13.325	11.375
Femur	L / W	3.025 / 1.375	3.075 / 1.500	2.525 / 1.325
Patella	L / W	3.250 / 1.500	3.300 / 1.675	2.900 / 1.600
Chela	L	6.550	6.950	5.950
Manus	W / D	3.500 / 2.700	3.050 / 2.500	2.475 / 2.125
Movable finger	L	3.425	3.925	3.175
Total	L	26.90	28.75	23.25

Table 1: Comparative measurements of Chaerilus majkusi sp . n . and Chaerilus neradorum sp . n . types. Abbreviations: length (L), width (W, in carapace it corresponds to posterior width), depth (D). METASOMA AND TELSON ( Figs. 49–51 ). The first metasomal segment bears 10 carinae, the second to fourth bear eight carinae, and the fifth segment bears seven carinae of which one ventral carina posteriorly branches in a "Y" configuration. All carinae are composed of large, sparse granules. The spaces between carinae are irregularly very sparsely granulated on all surfaces, less so on the dorsal surface. Granules on the dorsal surface may indicated a pair of carinae. All segments are sparsely hirsute. The telson is elongate, smooth and sparsely hirsute. PEDIPALPS ( Figs. 52–61 ). The pedipalp chela is wide and swollen in the male. The movable and fixed fingers of pedipalp bear 11 imbricated rows of granules. The chela has eight partly granulated carinae. The patella has five only weakly indicated carinae and the femur has four or five partly granulated carinae. The spaces between carinae on the femur are covered by unevenly spaced granules. The chela is finely granulated and the patella is smooth except for several solitary granules on their internal surfaces. LEGS ( Figs. 62–66 ). The legs are sparsely hirsute, without bristlecombs and carinae. The femora and patellae have several granules dorsally, other surfaces are smooth. The patellae have several median spines dorsally. The tarsomeres bear two rows of spiniform setae and 2 – 4 outer spiniform setae. Spiniform setae formula is 5–6/6–7: 6–7/7–8: 7–8/8–9: 7–8/7–9 (omitting outer spiniform setae). KARYOTYPE ( Figs. 117–118 ). We analyzed the karyotype of the male holotype . The diploid complement of this species is 108 chromosomes in the majority of mitotic metaphases ( Fig. 117 ). However, the chromosomes are small and the correct number is not easy to count in some observed cells as a consequence of an early segregation of some chromatids during mitotic metaphase. This effect is evident especially in segregation of chromosomes during late metaphase I ( Fig. 118 ). It is the reason we cannot exclude even 106 as the correct diploid number of chromosomes in this species. We are not able to specify morphology of the chromosomes at this moment. However, it is evident that they gradually decrease in length from 2.63% to 1.07% of the haploid set. We did not observe chiasmata during postpachytene and metaphase I. AFFINITIES. Chaerilus neradorum sp . n . is reliably distinguished from all other Chaerilus species by the following unique combination characters: total length of male holotype 23.25 mm ; movable and fixed fingers of pedipalp with 11 cutting edges; chela length/width ratio in male 2.4; fingers straight in male. Type locality of C. neradorum sp . n . is inside the area of distribution of C. cimrmani Kovařík, 2012 which can be distinguished from C. neradorum sp . n . by larger size (total length of male holotype 23.25 mm for C. neradorum sp . n . vs. 31–42 mm of C. cimrmani ). Other differences are evident in comparing Figs. 52 versus 105, which shows that the male of C. cimrmani has wider, more swollen chelae, shorter chela fingers, and stronger granulation of carapace and metasomal segments, than the male of C. neradorum sp . n .