A revision of the Brazilian species of Lysmata Risso, 1816 (Decapoda: Caridea Lysmatidae), with discussion of the morphological characters used in their identification Author Pachelle, Paulo P. G. Laboratório de Carcinologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), Av. Nazaré 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, 04263 - 000, Brazil Author Carvalho, Leina Laboratório de Carcinologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), Av. Nazaré 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, 04263 - 000, Brazil Author Alves, Douglas F. R. Laboratório de Ecologia de Ecossistemas Aquáticos (LEEA), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Avenida Amazonas, s / n., Uberlândia, MG, 38400 - 902, Brazil Author Anker, Arthur Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB- 5, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Av. Esperança s / n, Goiânia, GO, 74690 - 900, Brazil text Zootaxa 2020 2020-06-08 4789 1 55 90 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.2 1175-5326 3884685 5D5199B5-8A6A-45F6-A8CA-7B3DBB1AC591 Lysmata intermedia ( Kingsley, 1878 ) ( Figures 6 , 7 ) Hippolysmata intermedia Kingsley, 1878: 90 . Lysmata intermedia — Christoffersen 1980: 225 ; Ramos-Porto et al . 1995: 108 , figs. a–c; Christoffersen 1998: 351 ; Riul et al . 2008: 8 ; Pachelle et al. 2016: 16 , fig. 9. (?) Lysmata intermedia— Wicksten 2000: 3 . Lysmata cf. intermedia — Almeida et al. 2007: 18 , figs. 5, 6; Almeida et al . 2012: 23 ; Santos et al. 2012: 156 ; Barros-Alves et al. 2015: 3 , figs. 1D, 4; 2016: 2, fig. 1b. Lysmata jundalini— Terossi et al. 2018: 83 [not L. jundalini Rhyne, Calado & Santos, 2012 ]. Material examined. Panama : 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 3.5 mm ), MZUSP 38020 , Panamá , Caribbean coast, Bocas del Toro , Isla Bastimentos , Playa Polo , in and under coral rocks, depth 1–2 m , coll. A. Anker et al. , 29.iv.2015 . Venezuela : 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 4.0 mm), MZUSP 31936 , Isla de Cubagua , collector N. Castro , x.2002 . Brazil : 1 nonov. specimen (pocl 4.0 mm), MZUSP 33034 , Ceará , Paracuru , Praia da Pedra Rachada , 03º23’55’’S 39º00’48’’W , rocky intertidal, coll. P. Pachelle , 04.vii.2012 ; 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 5.9 mm ), MZUSP 29792 , Rio Grande do Norte , Praia de Baixa Grande , 4º55’45’’S 37º05’06’’W , rocky intertidal, coll. P. Pachelle , 23.vii.2013 ; 1 non-ov. specimen (cl 3.2 mm ), MZUSP 40186 , Alagoas , Marechal Deodoro , Praia do Francês , 09º46’08’’S 35º50’15’’W , coll. D.F. R . Alves , 20.iv.2016 ; 2 non-ov. specimens (pocl 3.0, 4.0 mm), MZUSP 37512 , Sergipe , Aracaju , Orla do Mosqueteiro , coll. D.F. R . Alves , viii.2015 ; 1 ov. specimen (pocl 4.6 mm ), 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 4.0 mm), MZUSP 32136 , Bahia , Boipeba , Tassimirim , coll. M. Tavares , 15.viii.2011 ; 10 non-ov. specimens (pocl 6.5– 3.5 mm ), MZUSP 37881 , Bahia , Boipeba , Bainema , coll. M. Tavares et al ., 17–31.i.2015 ; 2 ov. specimens (pocl 4.4, 3.6 mm ), MZUSP 21800 , Espírito Santo , off Anchieta , 20º51’79’’S 40º28’42’’W , collector unknown, 29.x.2008 ; 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 4.2 mm ), MZUSP 22310 , Rio de Janeiro , Cabo Frio , Armação de Buzios , coll. J. Fernandes , 19.i.1978 ; 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 3.8 mm ), MZUSP 32286 , São Paulo , Ubatuba , Enseada de Ubatuba , collector unknown, 20.iii.1996 ; 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 5.8 mm ), MZUSP 32642 , São Paulo , Ubatuba , Ilhote das Couves , coll. D.F. R . Alves , vi.2013 . First record for Brazil . Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro ( Christoffersen 1980 ) . Distribution. Western Atlantic: USA (Florida Keys), Caribbean Sea (e.g., Trinidad & Tobago , Curaçao ) and Brazil ( Ceará , Rio Grande do Norte , Paraíba , Pernambuco , Alagoas , Sergipe , Bahia , Espírito Santo , Rio de Janeiro , São Paulo ) ( Christoffersen 1980 ; Ramos-Porto et al . 1995 ; Almeida et al. 2007 , 2012; Riul et al . 2008 ; Barros-Alves et al . 2015 , 2016 ; Pachelle et al . 2016 ; present study) ( Fig. 16 ). Ecology. On hard and mixed sand-rocky bottoms, under rocks, coral rubble, etc., depth range 1–22 m ( Chace 1972 ; d’Udekem d’Acoz 2000 ). Remarks. Lysmata intermedia appears to be one of the most common and widely distributed species of the genus in Brazil in the rocky intertidal. Christoffersen (1980) was the first to report the species from Brazil based on material from Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro . According to Christoffersen (1980) ’s detailed description of L. intermedia , the material from Brazil agrees well with the diagnostic characters of the species, including the number of post-rostral teeth, the presence of a pterygostomial tooth, the accessory ramus of the antennule with three or four free articles and the second pereopod carpus with 25–28 subdivisions. Ramos-Porto et al. (1995) also listed the species from Pernambuco , reporting individuals with 23–26 subdivisions on the second pereopod carpus. Subsequently, a number of studies reported the species as L. cf. intermedia , mainly due to some differences in the number of subdivisions of the second pereopod carpus between the Brazilian material and the material from southern Florida, the type locality, as redescribed by d’Udekem d’Acoz (2000) ( Almeida et al. 2007 ; 2012; Santos et al. 2012 ; Barros- Alves et al. 2015 , 2016). Pachelle et al. (2016) reported L. intermedia from Ceará , but did not mention the number of subdivisions on the second pereopod carpus of their specimens. However, a re-examination of one specimen (MZUSP 33034) listed in Pachelle et al. (2016) , revealed that it has 23 subdivisions on the second pereopod carpus on both sides. Thus, at least some specimens from Pernambuco and Ceará seem to have fewer subdivisions (23–26) in the second pereopod carpus than the topotypical specimens from Florida (25–31, typically 28–30, d’Udekem d’Acoz 2000 ) and Christoffersen’s (1980) specimens from Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro (25–28) (see also Table 1 and discussion of the diagnostic characters of Lysmata below). A specimen from Rio Grande do Norte (MZUSP 29792) presented a stout spiniform seta on the first pereopod merus, on the ride side ( Fig. 7E ); however, because this spiniform seta was present only on the right appendage, it seems to be an atypical condition. FIGURE 6. Lysmata intermedia ( Kingsley, 1878 ) : non-ov. specimen (pocl 5.8 mm; MZUSP 32642) from Ilha das Couves, São Paulo, reported in Barros-Alves et al. (2016) , in lateral view. White arrow: swollen area on the upper antennular flagellum; black arrow: coxa of fourth pereopod. Photograph: D.F.R. Alves. FIGURE 7. Lysmata intermedia ( Kingsley, 1878 ) , (A–G) non-ov. specimen from Rio Grande do Norte (pocl 5.9 mm; MZUSP 29792), (H) non-ov. specimen from São Paulo (pocl 5.8 mm; MZUSP 32642), (I, J) non-ov. specimen from Bocas del Toro, Panama (pocl 3.5 mm; MZUSP 38020): (A) frontal margin and cephalic appendages, lateral view; (B) infraorbital region, lateral view; (C) same, dorsolateral view; (D) left third maxilliped, antepenultimate and penultimate articles, ventromesial view; (E) right first pereopod, merus to propodus, lateral view; (F) left antennule, third article of antennular peduncle and flagella, mesial view; (G) same, bifurcation between upper flagellum and accessory ramus, mesial view; (H, I) right first pereopod, merus to propodus, lateral view; (J) left antennule, third article of antennular peduncle and flagella, mesial view. Weak articulations represented by a dotted line. The colour pattern of the Brazilian and Caribbean specimens appears to be nearly identical (cf. Rhyne et al. 2012 : fig. 5; Barros-Alves et al. 2015 : fig. 1D, 2016: fig. 1b; Pachelle et al. 2016 : fig. 9). Terossi et al. (2018) re-examined one specimen of Barros-Alves et al. (2016) ’s material of L. intermedia from Ubatuba, São Paulo (MZUSP 32642) and reassigned it to L. jundalini . According to these authors, the specimen from Ubatuba matches L. jundalini because the lateral antennular flagellum has 23 articles in the fused portion, before its bifurcation with the accessory ramus ( versus 9–17 in L. intermedia , according to d’Udekem d’Acoz 2000 ). We re-examined this specimen and confirmed that the right lateral flagellum has indeed 23 subdivisions in the fused portion; however, some of these subdivisions are somewhat swollen, suggesting an abnormal development ( Fig. 6 , white arrow; also note the difference in length between the left (normal) and right (abnormal) accessory ramus of the lateral antennular flagella). Unfortunately, the left lateral flagellum is broken near the base in the preserved specimen. Terossi et al. (2018) did not comment on the number of subdivisions in the second pereopod carpus of the Ubatuba specimen (23 according to Barros-Alves et al. 2016 ), but our study revealed that the specimen actually has 25 subdivisions on the right side and 27 on the left side, which is within the range of L. intermedia . The colour photographs of the material reported by Barros-Alves et al. (2016) show neither a blue spot near the fourth pereopod coxa ( Fig. 6 , black arrow) nor bright orange chromatophores on the dorsal surface of the third to fifth pereopods, which are diagnostic colour features of L. jundalini ( Rhyne et al. , 2012 ; see also Fig. 10 ). Based on these observations, the specimen from Ubatuba (MZUSP 32642) is here re-identified as L. intermedia . However, the possible occurrence of L. jundalini in Brazil is discussed below. Manning & Chace (1990) listed Rio Grande do Norte in the distribution range of L. intermedia , however, without providing more details or listing material or references. Christoffersen (1998) stated that “the presence of the species in Rio Grande do Norte has not been confirmed”. Thus, our material from Praia de Baixa Grande represents the first confirmed record of L. intermedia in Rio Grande do Norte .