The fast-running flies (Diptera, Hybotidae, Tachydromiinae) of Singapore and adjacent regions Author Grootaert, Patrick Author Shamshev, Igor V. text European Journal of Taxonomy 2012 2012-01-06 5 1 162 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2012.5 e809cd3a-36bb-413d-9f19-70837d7db34b 3715167 B69F002A-C1A0-439D-9477-62BFA87DEAD7 Crossopalpus temasek sp. nov. Figs 84-86 Diagnosis Species with 2 very short vertical bristles; antenna and palpus brown; legs almost uniformly brownish yellow, hind tarsomere 1 brown; hind tibia with 4 bristles anteriorly near apex; halter yellow; male abdominal tergite 5 narrow. Description Male LENGTH. Wing 1.5-1.6 mm . HEAD. Black. Occiput subshining, finely pollinose. Two very short vertical bristles present. Frons subshining, broadened towards ocellar tubercle. Posterior ocellars black, very long, lateroclinate. Antenna brown; pedicel with long lower seta; postpedicel with lower margin somewhat convex, very short, nearly 1.5 times longer than wide; stylus 6.0-6.5 times longer than postpedicel and 3.0-3.5 times longer than scape, pedicel and postpedicel combined. Palpus brown. THORAX. Black. Prothoracic episterna with 1 long upturned bristle just above fore coxa and some setulae in upper part. Postpronotal bristle not prominent. Mesonotum with 2 notopleurals, 1 postsutural supraalar, 1 postalar and 4 scutellars (inner pair very long, cruciate; outer pair very short); scutum covered with short, pale, uniform (except for 1 pair of long prescutellars) setulae. LEGS. Almost uniformly brownish yellow, hind tarsomere 1 brown. Fore coxa with black spinules near apex. Fore femur somewhat thickened. Mid femur with 1 anterior subapical bristle. Fore and mid tibiae with long black anteroventral and posteroventral subapical bristles. Hind femur evenly thickened, with 2 long anteroventral subapical bristles. Hind tibia with elongate, pointed apical projection; bearing 4 bristles anteriorly near apex (2 black, spine-like). Hind basitarsus somewhat thickened, with unmodified setation. WING. Normally developed, finely infuscate, covered with uniform microtrichia. Costal vein with short setulae along anterior margin. Costal bristle moderately long, brownish. Costal index: 34/17/25. Vein Rs originating before middle of cell r1 (closer to humeral crossvein), short, nearly as long as crossvein bm-cu. R 2+3 almost straight. R 4+5 and M 1+2 parallel near wing margin. R 4+5 somewhat sinuate. A 1 absent. Crossvein bm-cu somewhat oblique. Crossvein r-m beyond middle of cell bm. Halter yellow. ABDOMEN. With unmodified inconspicuous setation. Tergite 5 narrow, otherwise tergites unmodified. Sternites undivided. Gland-like structure present between tergites 4 and 5. TERMINALIA. Dark brown ( Figs 84-86 ) Cerci ( Fig. 85 ) separated, with unmodified setae; left cercus very large, elongate oval, with additional finger-like process in about middle; right cercus short, bacilliform. Epandrium fused. Left epandrial lamella fused with hypandrium, lacking setae. Left surstylus ( Fig. 86 ) undivided, short, broadened in apical part, with scattered short setae. Right epandrial lamella large, with numerous setae of different lengths. Right surstylus ( Fig. 84 ) divided into 3 lobes, with unmodified setae. Hypandrium lacking setation. Phallus short. Two rod-shaped apodemes present. Female Abdominal tergite 5 unmodified. Gland-like structure lacking. Postabdomen somewhat upturned. Tergite 8 separated from sternite 8; sternite 8 membranous in apical part. Cercus elongate oval, brownish. Otherwise as in male. Material examined Holotype ♂ SINGAPORE : Clementi woods, 23 April 2005 , drains, sweeping (reg. 25084, leg. P.G. ; in ZRC). Paratypes SINGAPORE : 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ , Chek Jawa, 19 November 2003 , mangrove, sweeping (reg. 23080, leg. P.G.); 1 ♀ , Clementi woods, 23 April 2005 , drains, sweeping (reg. 25084, leg. P.G.); 1 ♀ , Labrador Park, 3 Figs 84-86. Crossopalpus temasek sp. nov. , ♂ terminalia. 84 . right surstylus, dorsal view. 85 . epandrium and cerci. 86 . left surstylus, lateral view. April 2005, drains, sweeping (reg. 25043, leg. P.G.); 1 ♀ , Sime forest, 22 April 2005 , forest, Mal 2 (reg. 25075, leg. P.G.); 1 ♂ , Sungei Buloh, 28 March 2005 , mangrove, sweeping (reg. 25037, leg. P.G.); 2 ♂♂ , 1 ♀ , Sungei Buloh, 16 September 2005 , mangrove, Mal 2 (reg. 25355, leg. P.G.); 4 ♂♂ , 5 ♀♀ , Sungei Buloh (SBWR01), 19 May 2009 , mangrove, Mal. (reg. 29073, leg. P.G.); 2 ♂♂ , 1 ♀ , Semakau 20 May 2009 , beach forest, sweeping (reg. 29097, leg. P.G.). Etymology The species is named after the old name for Singapore that was 'temasek' or 'city by the sea'. Distribution Singapore . Habitat and seasonal occurrence This species is found in mangroves and drains, recorded in March, April, September and November. Remarks The new species differs from C. exul and C. hirsutipes by the characters given in the key. In addition the hind tibia bears strong subapical bristles resemblingthe ones of C. bisetus Yang, Gaimari & Grootaert, 2004 and C. yunnanensis Yang, Gaimari & Grootaert, 2004 known from China ( Yunnan and Taiwan) . However, in C. bisetus veins R 4+5 and M 1+2 are convergent apically and the hind tibia bears only 2 subapical bristles, and in C. yunnanensis the hind tibia lacks an apical projection.