Survey of Trogolaphysa Mills (Collembola, Paronellidae) of the Brazilian Amazon including five new species and the description of the dorsal chaetotaxy of the first instar
Author
Cipola, Nikolas Gioia
0000-0002-7594-9574
Corresponding Author: nikolasgc @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7594 - 9574
nikolasgc@gmail.com
Author
Morais, José Wellington De
Author
Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante
Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Rodovia BR 101, Lagoa Nova, Campus Universitário, 59072 - 970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
text
Zootaxa
2022
2022-01-27
5093
3
251
295
journal article
2384
10.11646/zootaxa.5093.3.1
24114bc8-f728-4677-b2f3-67589cd64929
1175-5326
5909875
3292633A-E98B-43F5-9E08-E1576E73EA45
Trogolaphysa amazoccidentalensis
sp. nov.
Cipola
Figs 2–7
,
Table 1
Diagnosis.
Body with pigment on lateral margin of Th II–III, coxae, and collophore (
Fig. 2A
); Abd IV with one central trapezoid-shape spot (
Fig. 2B
); Ant IV not annulated (
Fig. 3A
); Ant III with 1 elongated thin sens on dorsal side (
Fig. 3B
); Ant II with 3 dorsal mac (
Figs 3B
); Ant I devoid of dorsal mac; head mac
A0
,
A2
,
Pa5
and
Pm3
present (
Fig. 3D
); prelabral chaetae ciliate; labral papillae absent; labial papilla E with
l.p.
acuminate and reaching the base of
a.a.
(
Fig. 3C
); basolateral and basomedian labial fields with chaetae
M1–2
,
E
and
L1–2
ciliate,
r
reduced (
Fig. 3E
); postlabial
X
chaeta present (
Fig. 3E
); Th II–Abd IV with 1+5, 0 | 0, 1+1–2, 1+3–4 and 4+9 mac, respectively; Abd IV with 7 sens (
Fig. 4
); femur I–II with 4 inner mac and femur III with an inner row of 5 unmodified mac (
Figs 5E–F
); unguis I–III
b.t.
projected and larger,
m.t.
next to
b.t.
,
a.t.
absent; unguiculus I–III lamellae smooth and acuminate (
Fig. 5G
); mucro with 4 teeth.
FIGURE 2A–B.
Trogolaphysa amazoccidentalensis
sp. nov.
, habitus of a specimen fixed in ethanol;
A
, lateral view;
B
, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5mm.
Description.
Total length (head + trunk) of the specimens 0.81–1.16 (n=4),
holotype
1.16 mm
. Specimens white or yellowish with dark blue pigments on antennae, lateral borders of Th II–III to coxae, collophore and Abd IV with one central trapezoid-shape spot; eyepatches black (
Fig. 2
). Scales present on Ant I to proximal ⅓ of Ant II.
Head. Antennae shorter than the trunk length (
Fig. 2
); ratio antennae: trunk = 1: 1.72–2.00 (n=4),
holotype
1: 2.00; antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.31–1.88: 1.12–1.25: 2.04–2.59,
holotype
1: 1.63: 1.12: 2.21. Ant IV not annulated, with at least 5 sens types, 1 subapical thicker and 2 normal finger-shaped, 2 elongated and thin, 1 minute rod and numerous pointed or weakly pointed, no apical bulb or subapical organite (
Fig. 3A
). Ant III organ with 2 elongated sens, at least 3 acuminate sens and ciliated chaetae; 1 elongated thin sens only on dorsal side, no mac on either side (
Fig. 3B
). Ant II dorsally with 3 mac, no ventral mac or elongated thin sens (
Figs 3B
). Ant I devoid of dorsal mac, but with 3 smooth mic at base. Prelabral chaetae ciliate; labral
a1
chaeta not thicker,
a
and
m
chaetae subequals in length,
p0–2
longer; labral papillae absent. Eyes A–F subequal, eyes G and H much smaller; 5 ‘IO’ chaetae; head dorsal macrochaetotaxy with 13 ‘An’ (
An1a–3p
), 2 ‘A’ (
A0
,
A2
), 0 ‘M’, 0 ‘S’, 1 ‘Pa’ (
Pa5
), and 1 ‘Pm’ (
Pm3
) mac (
Fig. 3D
). Labial papilla E with
l.p.
acuminate and reaching the base of
a.a.
(
Fig. 3C
); papilla H with 2 hypostomal appendix smooth and acuminate. Maxillary palp with
b.c.
of same length than
t.a
. Basolateral and basomedian labial fields with chaetae
M1–2
,
E
and
L1–2
ciliate,
r
reduced on a club-shaped basis (
Fig. 3E
). Head ventrally with about 20–21 ciliate chaetae, 12–13 larger, acuminate and finely ciliate and 8 smaller and ciliate, none modified; postlabial formula with 4 (
G1–4
), 1 (
X
) 4 (
H1–4
), 3 (
J1–3
) chaetae; proximal region of the cephalic groove with 2 elongated acuminate chaetae, plus 4–5 chaetae on a transversal row respectively, near to
b.c.
(
Fig. 3E
).
Thorax dorsal chaetotaxy (
Fig. 4A
). Th II
a
and
p
series with 1 (
a5
) and 5 (
p3
complex) mac, respectively;
m
series with 3 mic (
m1–2
,
m4
). Th III
a
,
m
and
p
series with 1 (
a2
), 1 (
m6
) and 4 (
p1–3
,
p6
) mic respectively. Ratio Th II: III = 1.20–1.18: 1 (n= 4),
holotype
1.20: 1.
Abdomen dorsal chaetotaxy (
Figs 4B–C
). Abd I
a
,
m
and
p
series with 2 (
a2
,
a6
), 4 (
m2–4
,
m6
) and 1 (
p6
) mic, respectively. Abd II
a
,
m
and
p
series with 2 (
a2–3
), 4 (
m3
,
m5–7
) and 2 (
p6–7
) chaetae, respectively,
m3
and
m5
as mac,
p6
mac or mic. Abd III
a
,
m
and
p
series with 3 (
a2–3
,
a7
), 5 (
m3
,
am6
,
pm6
,
m7–7i
) and 4 (
p6–8
) chaetae, respectively;
m3
,
pm6
,
p6
and
p7
as mac,
am6
mac or mic;
m2
bothriotrichum with 2 accessory chaetae, and
a5
and
m5
bothriotricha with 7 accessory chaetae between them. Abd IV with 4 medial mac on series
A–C
(
A4–5
,
B5–6
) and 9 lateral mac on series
T–Fe
(
D3
,
E2–4
,
F2–3
,
Fe2–3
and 1 of unclear homology); about 7 sens (
as
and
ps
type I, and 5 medial type II), and 10 posterior mes. Abd V
a
,
m
,
pa
,
p
and
pp
series with 2 (
a5–6
), 4 (
m2–3
,
m5–5a
), 2 (
p6ai
,
p6ae
), 4 (
p1
,
p3–5
) and 1 (
p5ai
) mac, respectively. Ratio Abd III: IV = 1: 3.83–4.86 (n= 4),
holotype
1: 4.59.
Legs. Subcoxa I with 1 chaeta; subcoxa II with an anterior row of 9 chaetae and about 10 anterior chaetae; posterior row of 6 chaetae and 3 psp; subcoxa III with one row of 9 chaetae and at least 6 anterior chaetae of different sizes (
Figs 5A–C
). Trochanteral organ with about 20 spine-like chaetae (
Fig. 5D
). Femur I–III with one outer longitudinal row of 2, 1, 1, 1 mac finely ciliate and normal (
Figs 5E–F
); femur I–II internally with 4 chaetae finely ciliate, 1 anterior apically acuminate and other normal, plus 2 posterior ones (
Fig. 5E
); femur III with an inner row of 5 unmodified mac ciliate and 1 proximal elongated chaeta apically acuminate; anterior side with an 1 proximal elongated chaetae apically acuminate (
Fig. 5F
). Tibiotarsus I–III with 9 inner mac finely ciliate, anterior mac absent (
Fig. 5E
); tibiotarsal smooth chaeta 0.89 smaller than the unguiculus, tenent hair 0.62 smaller than the unguis outer edge. Unguis I–III with 3 inner teeth,
b.t.
subequals, larger than
m.t.
and projected on basal half of the unguis,
m.t.
next to
b.t.
,
a.t.
absent. Unguiculus I–III with all lamellae smooth and acuminate (
Fig. 5G
); ratio unguis: unguiculus = 1: 0.69.
Collophore (
Fig. 6A
). Anterior side with about 12 ciliate chaetae, 9 thin chaetae of different sizes widely distributed on tube, and 3 distal chaetae (2 central mac and 1 lateral mes); posterior side with about 25 ciliate chaetae (4 unpaired), 1 larger unpaired median mac, 3 elongated chaetae (2 unpaired), proximal half with 4 mes and distal half with 13 thin mic (1 unpaired) widely distributed, distally 4 ciliate chaetae, no smooth chaetae; lateral flap with about 11 chaetae, 5 smooth and 6 ciliate.
Furcula. Manubrium laterally with one row of 3–4 spine-like mac ciliate (
holotype
with 3) and about 9 elongated mac (
Fig. 6C
); ventrally with 2 subapical and 9 elongated scales, internally with 2 subqual ciliate chaetae (
Fig. 6D
); manubrial plate dorsally with 4 ciliated chaetae (2 inner larger than the internal ones) and 2 psp (
Fig. 6E
). Dens dorsally with an inner row of 16–21 spines subtly ciliated (
holotype
with 18 and 19) and an outer row of 9–11 spinelike mac ciliate (
holotype
with 11 and 13) (
Fig. 6F
). Mucro twice as long as its width and with 4 teeth, 3 (
ap
,
v1
,
v2
) in one dorsal row and 1 (
il
) on the inner side (
Figs 6F
and
18F
)
Etymology.
Refers to the region where the new species was found, the Occidental Amazon (
Fig. 7
).
Type material.
Holotype
male on slide (
INPA-CLL000112
):
Brazil
,
Acre
,
Manoel Urbano
municipality,
State Park
of “Chandless”,
T2-500
grid,
09°22’40”S
,
69°55’12”W
(
Fig. 7
),
212 m
.
,
05–13.x.2016
, pitfall-trap, IPS
Santos
coll.
14 paratypes
:
1 male
,
2 females
and
1 juvenile
on slides (
INPA-CLL000112
),
same date as
holotype
;
3 females
on slides and
2 specimens
in alcohol (
INPA-CLL000112
) plus
1 male
and
1 female
on slides (
CC
/
UFRN
),
same date as
holotype
, except
T2-4500
grid,
09°24’21”S
,
69°53’52”W
,
232 m
.
;
1 female
on slide (
INPA-CLL000112
),
same date as
holotype
, except
T1-2500
,
09°23'52"S
,
69°54'58"W
,
215 m
.
;
2 specimens
in alcohol (
INPA-CLL000112
),
same date as
holotype
, except
T1-500
,
09°23’01”S
,
69°55’37”W
,
203 m
.
Other examined material.
1 male
and
2 females
on slide and
2 specimens
in alcohol (
INPA
):
Brazil
,
Amazonas
,
Tefé
municipality, road of “Emade”,
Km
08,
03°26’53.8”S
,
64°40'57.9”W
(
Fig. 7
),
76 m
.,
12-15.i.2013
, pitfall-trap,
AM
Pereira Jr.
coll.
1 male
and
1 female
on slide and
3 specimens
in alcohol (
INPA
):
Barcelos
municipality,
State Park
“Serra do Aracá”, in dry land,
01°30’24”N
,
63°21’39”W
,
108 m
.,
18.vii.2017
, pitfall-trap, FJF Pacaya coll.
FIGURE 3A–E.
Trogolaphysa amazoccidentalensis
sp. nov.
: head;
A
, apex of left Ant IV (dorsal view);
B
, chaetotaxy of left Ant III–II (dorsal view), respectively;
C
, labial papillae E (right side),
l.p.
is lateral process;
D
, head dorsal chaetotaxy and eyes (left side);
E
, basomedian and basolateral labial fields and complete postlabial chaetotaxy (right side).
FIGURES 4A–C.
Trogolaphysa amazoccidentalensis
sp. nov.
: dorsal chaetotaxy;
A
, Th II–III;
B
, Abd I–III;
C
, Abd IV–V.
Remarks.
The color pattern of
T. amazoccidentalensis
sp. nov.
resembles that of
T. balteata
Soto-Adames, 2015
from
Jamaica
(see
Soto-Adames 2015:11
), but the overall morphology resembles other three Neotropical species:
T. paracarpenteri
Soto-Adames, 2015
,
T. relicta
(
Palacios-Vargas, Ojeda & Christiansen, 1985
)
and
T. subterranea
(
Mari-Mutt, 1987
)
(see
Table 1
). However,
T. amazoccidentalensis
sp. nov.
differs from these species by having 8 eyes (
6 in
T. relicta
and
T. subterranea
), labral papilla absent (2 projections present in
T. balteata
,
T. paracarpenteri
and
T. relicta
), and 5 ‘IO’ chaetae (
3 in
T. relicta
and
4 in
T. subterranea
and
T. balteata
).
Trogolaphysa amazoccidentalensis
sp. nov.
also differs by Th II with 5 mac in
p3
complex (
6 in
T. balteata
and
T. subterranea
), Abd IV
A3
mac absent and
A4
and
A5
present (opposite in part of other species), unguis
m.t.
almost together to
b.t.
(distant in
T. relicta
and
T. balteata
, and a little closer in
T. subterranea
) and
a.t.
absent (present in
T. balteata
and
T. relicta
). Finally, the new species differs in body color pattern by having blue latero-marginal bands that extend distally to Th II–III and coxae, a blue collophore, and one central trapezoidal band on Abd IV (
Fig. 2
), whereas
T. paracarpenteri
and
T. relicta
show a uniform diffused pattern (except for the head), and
T. subterranea
has the legs and the posterior section of Abd IV pigmented (see
Soto-Adames 2015:11
,
Mari-Mutt 1987: 410
). Other differences among these species are summarized in
Table 1
.