A key to species of Hercinothrips, with one new species, and a neotype designation for H. trilineatus (Priesner) Author Goldaracena, Arturo 0000-0003-3722-8335 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Nematodos y Artrópodos de interés agrícola y forestal, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Despacho 411 - C Calle Serrano 115 Duplicado, 28006 Madrid, Spain. agoldaracena @ mncn. csic. es https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3722 - 8335 & Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Laboratory of Entomology, P. O. Box 9102, 6700 HC, Wageningen, Netherlands. text Zootaxa 2022 2022-08-01 5169 4 322 330 journal article 112020 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.2 ad450570-f420-4b5a-8ae7-e2abc181284d 1175-5326 6952443 655F79A7-497D-488F-899E-E83633F14ACC Key to extant Hercinothrips species (females) 1. Head and pronotum partly or completely yellow............................................................. 2 -. Head and pronotum brown.............................................................................. 8 2. Head with anterior half yellow, posterior half brown, at least laterally; pronotum varying, brown with large yellow areas sometimes with pronounced dark brown strips but never completely yellow........................................... 3 -. Head completely yellow, or yellow with posterior brown band; pronotum yellow................................... 4 3. Antennal segments VI–VIII yellow; fore wing median pale area about 2.0 times as long as first dark cross band; metascutellum about 3.5 times as wide as long [male tergite IX with three pairs of spine-like setae medially, posterior pair slightly weaker and aligned longitudinally with anterior two pairs]....................................................... bicinctus -. Antennal segments VI–VIII brown, fore wing median pale area small or absent; metascutellum more than 3.5 times as wide as long.......................................................................................... femoralis 4. Pronotum yellow, sometimes with lateral brown spots ( Figs 14–15 )............................................. 5 -. Pronotum yellow with three brown longitudinal lines ( Fig. 3 ).................................................. 7 5. Hind femora brown medially; fore wings with dark cross bands about as long as median pale area; mesonotum and metanotum mainly brown with yellow areas medially [male tergite IX with the posterior pair of median setae weaker and lateral from the other two median pairs]......................................................................... dimidiatus -. Hind femora yellow; bands on fore wing various; mesonotum and metanotum deeply yellow......................... 6 6. Fore wing with two white and two dark areas well differentiated; mid and hind femora light brown, rest of legs yellow; male tergite IX with three pairs of spine-like setae longitudinally aligned....................................... pattersoni -. Fore wing brown with white spot at base; all legs yellow; male unknown..................................... jansei 7. Fore wing base dark brown, medially without a pale area ( Fig. 20 ); mid tibia bicolored, brown at base but yellow from middle to apex; hind tibia bicolored, brown at base then yellow for 2/3 of length ( Fig. 21 ); metanotum usually with campaniform sensilla between main setae ( Fig. 22 ) male unknown........................................................ trilineatus -. Fore wing base with white band reaching to costal vein ( Fig. 11 ), basal vein with brown area medially; mid and hind tibiae completely yellow ( Fig. 18 ); metanotum usually with campaniform sensillae lateral to metanotal setae ( Fig. 23 ); male tergite IX with distance between posterior pair of spine-like setae about 1.5 times the distance between median setal pair................................................................................................. splendens n. sp . 8. Hind tibiae bicolored, mainly brown medially with one or two pale areas in the apical and basal part ( Fig. 17 )..... H. tenuis -. Hind tibiae golden yellow ( Fig. 18 )...................................................................... 9 9. Fore wing median pale area less than half length of first dark cross band; metascutellum no more than 4.5 times as wide as long; tergite VIII comb lateral teeth short, no more than 2.0 times as long as distance between them ( Fig. 16 ); male tergite IX with median spine-like setae much stronger than two postero-lateral pairs...................................... aethiopiae -. Fore wing median pale area longer than first dark cross band; metascutellum more than 5.0 times as wide as long; tergite VIII comb lateral teeth longer, up to four times as long as distance between them ( Fig. 19 ); male tergite IX with all spine-like setae very thick..................................................................................... brunneus