Discovery and redescription of the true Nuvol umbrosus Navas and naming of a new Nuvol species (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Leucochrysini) Author Sosa-Duque, Francisco Jose Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia (UFRA) Campus de Capitao Poco, Para, Brazil Author Tauber, Catherine A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1310-8996 Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA & Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA cat6@cornell.edu text ZooKeys 2023 2023-04-21 1158 179 193 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1158.98572 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1158.98572 1313-2970-1158-179 131896B55657457996334476D9730A32 71A8230973475FC7937F70A0CDA95731 Nuvol umbrosus Navas , 1916 Nuvol umbrosus Broteria ( Zoologica ) 14: 25; "Rio de Janeiro, Febrero de 1912" (only one specimen). Navas 1929a : 860 (locality record, as Newol [sic] umbrosus); Navas 1929b : 319 (locality record); Penny 1977 : 28 (species list); Brooks and Barnard 1990 : 251 (taxonomy, drawing of wings from Adams' notes on MZUSP specimen); Oswald 2013 (catalog listing); Tauber and Sosa 2015 : 141-153 (taxonomic treatment based on incorrect species identification). Redescription. One male specimen preserved in alcohol, examined by FS: "MG, Sao Gonzalo Rio Abaixo, EA [ Estacao Ambiental, 19°53'2.86"S , 43°22'26.14"W , 751m] Peti, 30.iv.2012, A. F. Kumagai" (deposited in the collection of the Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (ICB - UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil). Body (Fig. 1 ): Slender, yellowish to greenish, with elongate, slender antennae (both broken), hyaline wings marked with conspicuous brown to golden bands. Head (Figs 1A , 2A-C ): Vertex raised, yellowish green, with two wide, reddish-brown longitudinal stripes dorsally, two smaller stripes laterally near edge of eyes. Frons, clypeus greenish; genae red. Labial, maxillary palpi yellow, unmarked. Antennae with scapes elongate, relatively large, close to each other mesally, cream colored, with light reddish-brown stripe dorsally (Fig. 2A, B ); pedicel apparently unmarked; flagellar segments (basal section of flagellum) elongate, each with four swirls of robust, acute black setae (Fig. 1B ). Measurements: head width (dorsal) 1.7 mm, ratio of head width / eye width 1:2.2; scape length 0.46 mm, width 0.35 mm. Figure 1. Nuvol umbrosus (Brazil, Minas Gerais) A habitus, dorsolateral B antennomeres ~ 1/3 distance from base of antenna C protarsal claw. Thorax (Fig. 2A, C, D ): Prothorax slightly wider than long (length 0.9 mm, width 1.2 mm), notum with five thin, longitudinal, reddish-brown stripes, three dorsal [as illustrated by Navas (1916) ], two on lateral margin [absent from Navas' drawing]; surface with elongate, golden setae mesolaterally. Mesothorax, metathorax with dark red marks laterally. Legs pale, without markings, with numerous light-brown to amber setae; tarsal claws with broad, dilated base, deep narrow cleft (Fig. 1C ). Figure 2. Nuvol umbrosus (Brazil, Minas Gerais) A head and thorax, dorsal B vertex, dorsolateral C, D head and thorax, dorsolateral. Abbreviations: p.d.s. pronotal dorsal stripe; p.l.s. pronotal lateral stripe; v.d.s. dorsal stripe on vertex; v.l.s. lateral stripe on vertex. Note: Navas' figure illustrated only the dorsal marks on the pronotum, not the lateral stripes; however, he explicitly mentioned the lateral stripes in his description. Thus, the specimen we describe here matches Navas' type specimen in having five distinct dark red longitudinal stripes on the pronotum and two thin, somewhat diffuse, lateral stripes on the mesonotum and metanotum. Wings (Fig. 3 ): Forewing 17.0 mm long, 6.1 mm wide (at widest point), with ratio of length / maximum width = 2.8:1; width at midpoint 5.6 mm, width along distal margin of basal quadrant, 4.2 mm; at base of distal quadrant 5.7 mm. Costal area relatively narrow; tallest costal cell (#8) 0.9 mm tall, with height 1.5 times its width, 0.16 times width of wing (midwing). First intramedian cell ( im1 ) triangular, height at base (along median arculus, ma) 0.46 mm, width 2.1 times height, 0.57 times width of third median cell ( m3 ). First radial crossvein distal to origin of radial sector (Rs); radial area (between R and Rs) with single row of 14 short, closed cells; tallest radial cell ( ra-rp1 ) 0.69 mm in height, 0.72 times shorter than its width; two b cells (cells beneath Rs, not including an inner gradate vein); eight b ' cells (cells beneath Psm, after im2 ). Nine discrete inner gradates in regularly ascending, almost linear pattern, basal one not reaching Psm. Nine to eleven outer gradates aligned in relatively straight line adjacent to margin of wing, from tip of Psm to tip of Rs. Height of fourth inner gradate cell 1.1 times width. Four intracubital cells ( icu1-icu3 closed, icu4 open). Subcosta, radial sector forked apically; thirteen to fourteen posterior terminal veins forked, distal six simple, without forks. Longitudinal veins, crossveins simple, slender, largely without crassate sections. Alar membrane with three large, conspicuous, diffuse, light yellowish-brown marks; stigma brown marked (Fig. 3B ). Most veins dark, those beneath diffused alar markings appearing hyaline. Figure 3. Nuvol umbrosus wings (Brazil, Minas Gerais) A right forewing and hindwing B left forewing with cells and veins identified. Note presence of apical veinlets with and without forks, markings, radius turning downward at tip of wing, forewing with four intracubital cells. Abbreviations: b1 first upper Banksian cell; b' 2 second lower Banksian cell; C costa; icu3, icu4 third and fourth intracubital cells; im1, im2 first and second intramedian cells; i.g. inner gradate series; m3 third median cell; Psm pseudomedia; R radius; Rs radial sector; rf origin of radial sector; rx1 first radial crossvein; Sc subcosta. Hindwing 15.8 mm long, 5.1 mm wide. Nine discrete inner gradates, basal one not reaching Psm. Six outer gradates ascending in relatively straight to slightly zigzag trajectory adjacent to wing margin. Thirteen radial cells (counted from origin of radius, not false origin). Two large b cells (no small " t " cell); seven b ' cells beyond im2 . Membrane with yellowish-brown diffused marks, similar to those on forewing; veins generally dark, but light in areas of diffused markings; stigma with single, weak brown spot basally, brown veins. Abdomen, male (Figs 4 - 6 ): Yellowish with dark brown to black spots on tergites, sternites as follows: posterior sections of T1-T3, T6-T7, lateral margins of T1-T7, along dorsal apodeme below T8, tip of T9+ect, dorsal margin of S9 (Fig. 4A-C ). Tergites, sternites quadrate, with all margins relatively straight, with long, robust setae, scattered short setae, dense microsetae, except S9 without microsetae (Fig. 5E ); pleuron with sparse short setae except P7, P8 with setae large, dense. Microtrichiae covering the pleuron throughout. Spiracles small, round externally, atria not enlarged; rim sclerotized weakly. Callus cerci brown to black, round to slightly oval, located medially on T9+ect, with ~32 densely spaced trichobothria (Figs 4C , 5D ). T9+ect fused dorsally, elongate, extending basally beneath T8 to distal margin of T7, with dorsal apodeme extending along full length of ventral margin, articulating basally with proximal end of ventral apodeme on dorsal margin of S8+9. Dorsal apodeme (Fig. 5A ) strongly sclerotized throughout, bifurcated mesally, proximal to callus cerci, with dorsal spur almost reaching the dorsal margin of T9+ect, with lower section extending distally into setose lobe, well beyond distal margin of T9+ect (Fig. 5A-C ). Basal section of S8+9 connected to T9+ect via membrane with scattered, long setae (Figs 4B, C , 5A ). Dorsal margin of S8+9 (lateral view) with deep mesal cleft (Figs 4C , 5A ); ventral surface of S8+9 with small suture-like separation, S8 with microsetae, S9 without microsetae (Fig. 5A ). Dorsal margin of S8 with distinct apodeme (ventral apodeme) descending abruptly to base of cleft, covered by dense field of robust setae (Fig. 5A ). Dorsal margin of S9 heavily convex, with sclerotized apodeme along upper edge, with round, sclerotized tips extending beyond end of segment (Fig. 5A-C, E ). Sternites with ratio of maximum height / maximum length (lateral view): S2 = 0.5:1; S3 = 0.6:1; S4 = 0.8:1; S5 = 1:1; S6 = 1:1; S7 = 1.1:1; S8 = 1.5:1; S9 = 0.6:1; surfaces without microtholi. Figure 4. Nuvol umbrosus male abdomen (Brazil, Minas Gerais) A-C uncleared abdomen, lateral. Note apical lobe on distoventral corner of T9+ect with dense field of long, robust setae. Setae surrounding dorsal apodeme below T8, lateral spot on S9 D callus cerci and trichobothria (setae obscured) E S8+9, ventral. Note exposed gonocornua at apex of S9; dashed line showing possible suture scar between S8 and S9. Abbreviations: cc callus cerci; d.ap. dorsal apodeme; gc gonocornu; S8, S9 eighth and ninth sternites; T2-T8 second to eighth abdominal tergites; T9+ect fused ninth tergite and ectoproct. Figure 5. Nuvol umbrosus male terminalia cleared, with genitalia removed (Brazil, Minas Gerais) A abdomen, lateral B abdominal tip, posterolateral C abdominal tip, caudal D callus cerci E terminal segments, ventral [ Note for (E) : S6-S8 densely covered by microtrichiae; dashed line between S8 and S9 indicating a possible suture scar; S9 bearing long, robust setae and lacking microtrichiae.] Abbreviations: c.c. callus cerci; d.ap. dorsal apodeme; lobe setose lobe at distal apex of dorsal apodeme; S7, S8, S9 seventh, eighth and ninth abdominal sternites; T2, T3, T6, T7 second, third, sixth, seventh abdominal tergites; T9+ect fused ninth abdominal tergite and ectoproct; v.ap. ventral apodeme. Gonarcus well sclerotized, widely arcuate (maximum span 0.31 mm; minimum span between posterior apices of the lateral apodemes 0.28 mm); gonarcal bridge broad, curved, bearing two long, flat, quadrate gonocornua dorsally (~0.28 mm long, 0.14 mm wide), pair of broad oval-shaped gonarcal apodemes basally (0.46 mm tall, 0.22 wide); gonarcal bridge strongly fused with base of gonocornua (Fig. 6A ), pair of ventral projections (~0.24 mm long) extending from the ventral surface of the gonarcal bridge (Fig. 6B-D, F ), with distal area swollen, terminating in beak-like apex (Fig. 6B, C ). Mediuncus attached to gonarcal bridge and ventral processes via membranes extending from lower surface of gonarcal bridge, from inner margins of ventral processes; dorsal surface of mediuncus apparently smooth (Fig. 6B-D ), terminating distally in curved beak, flanked laterally by prominent lateral lobe (Fig. 6B ). Gonosaccus with dorsal surface striate (Fig. 6E ), with two mesal fields of three large, heavily sclerotized chalazae, each bearing one or two long, thin setae subapically (Fig. 6F, G ); area on gonosaccus above heavy chalazae with additional smaller chalazate gonosetae (Fig. 6G ). Hypandrium internum not seen. Figure 6. Nuvol umbrosus male gonarcal complex A dorsal B lateral slightly tilted to left C lateral slightly tilted to right D, E frontal F lateral (field of chalazate setae in box] G enlarged frontal section of gonosaccus, lateral. Note: F, G illustrate the placement and structure of the acute tip of the gonarcal ventral projection and the frontal section of the gonosaccus bearing a group of three heavily sclerotized chalazae with fine setae. Abbreviations: g.ap. gonarcal apodeme; g.br. gonarcal bridge; gc gonocornu; gsac gonosaccus; gst gonosetae; l.f. lateral flank of mediuncus; mu mediuncus; tip of v.pr. beaklike apex of gonarcal ventral projection; v.pr. ventral projection of gonarcus. Scale bar applies to A-F . Note: The hypandrium internum can often be difficult to find. One was not found in this specimen. Either the specimen did not have one, it was not well developed, or it was lost. Abdomen, female : Undescribed. Immatures and biology. Unknown. Known geographic distribution. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais (new record).