A revision of Canarium L. (Burseraceae) in Madagascar Author Daly, Douglas C. Author Raharimampionona, Jeannie Author Federman, Sarah text Adansonia 2015 2015-12-31 37 2 277 345 https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2522e05a-0ab0-3e53-96aa-d45147a2ca6c/ journal article 10.5252/a2015n2a2 1639-4798 5208903 Canarium galokense Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. ( Figs 1 ; 14 ). Small to medium-sized trees, leaves 3-5-jugate; distinguished from C. betamponae Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. and C. globosum Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. by the stipules closer to the petiole base (7-10 vs 11-30 mm in the other two), the much longer stipular scar (2-6 vs 1-2 mm long), the fruit broadly oblong to broadly ovoid (vs globose to ovoid), and the fruit surface lenticellate (vs smooth and usually glossy). TYPUS. — Madagascar . Antsiranana , Diana , Ambilobe , Anaborano , Galoko Mountains , 300-400 m , 10.II.2006 (m fl), D. C. Daly , J. Raharimampionona & R. Ranaivojaona 13100 (holo-, NY !; iso-, MO !, P!, TEF !) . PARATYPI . — Madagascar . Antsiranana , Diana , Ambilobe , Anaborano , Galoko Mountains , 300-400 m , 13°35’19”S , 48°42’33”E 10. II.2006 , D. C. Daly , J. Raharimampionona & R. Ranaivojaona 13101 ( NY , TEF ) , 700 m , 13°38’31”S , 48°40’25”E , 25.XI.2006 , M. Callmander , J. Vasaha & Malaza 600 (G, MO , P, TAN ) . DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — To date, Canarium galokense , sp. nov. is known only from the Sambirano region in the Galoko mountains, in forest on steep slopes with rock outcrops and relatively closed canopy to 25 m , at 300-700 m elevation. Known to flower in Feb. and fruit in Nov. DESCRIPTION Trees, reproductive size 10-25 m × 10-26 cm diam. Outer bark ( Daly et al. 13100 ) relatively smooth, with some raised lenticels, very finely & shallowly fissured, inner bark orangish. Leaves 21-41 cm long, 3-5-jugate; petiole 3.7-7.7 cm long, petiole and rachis with scattered to sparse thick erect golden hairs to 0.1 mm long and capitate glands; stipules inserted 3-10 mm from petiole insertion, 4.5-10 mm long, orbicular with constricted base, subcoriaceous, stipular scar 2-4 mm long; basal petiolules 9-15 mm long, other laterals 6-18 mm long, terminal one 16-31 mm long, pulvinuli inconspicuous; leaflet margin flat; leaflets thickly chartaceous, drying grayish brown, sometime slightly glossy; basal leaflets 5-10.3 × 2.3- 5.1 cm , (broadly) ovate, other laterals 8.3-13.8 × 2.8-6 cm , (oblong-)lanceolate to ovate, terminal one 8-14 × 2.8-6 cm , elliptic; leaflet apex gradually and usually narrowly acuminate, the acumen (2) 5-10 mm long, base of laterals symmetrical to slightly oblique, rounded to truncate; secondary vein framework brochidodromous, secondaries in 8-13 pairs, spreading to almost straight, insertion on midvein excurrent, spacing slightly decreasing toward the extremes, initial angle often subperpendicular, decreasing distally, perpendicular epimedial tertiary veins present, intercostal tertiaries alternate-percurrent and random-reticulate with some admedial branching, quaternaries regular-polygonal; on abaxial side all veins narrowly prominent, on adaxial side the midvein narrowly prominulous but sunk in a groove, the rest narrowly prominulous, both surfaces with a few scattered capitate glands along the midvein and rest of surface with scattered glands or glabrous. Staminate inflorescences to 20 cm long with secondary axes to 2.7 cm long, the axes with dense to sparse flexuous darkly ferrugineous hairs to 0.25 mm long and capitate glands; bracts on secondary axes 1.5-3 mm long, subulate. Staminate buds 5.7-6 mm long; calyx 2-2.1 × 4 mm overall, taller than ovariodisk, lobes 0.5-0.7 mm long, rounded depressed-deltate, abaxial surface with dense glands and dense flexuous hairs to 0.1 mm long; petals 5-5.1 × 2.1 mm , exposed part longer than calyx, obovate, abaxial surface with dense, flexuous hairs to 0.2 mm ; stamens inserted at base of ovariodisk, 3.9-4 mm long with anthers 1.4-1.6 mm long, narrowly ovate in dorsiventral view, lanceolate in lateral view; ovariodisk 1.6-1.8 × 0.8-1 mm , ovoid, apex obtuse. Pistillate flowers unknown. Infructescences to 12 cm long with secondary axes to 7 cm long, fruiting pedicel 4-5 mm long, cylindrical; fruits 3.5-4 × 2.5-3 cm , broadly oblong or broadly ovoid, apex truncate, base obtuse, the surface with fine, slightly raised lenticels; pyrene trigonous but the apex obtuse. FIG. 15. — Canarium globosum Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. : A , flowering branchlet; B , adaxial and lateral views of stipules; C , pistillate flower with longisection (right); D , pistil and longisection of pistillate flower with pistil removed; E , adaxial view of staminode and (below) ventral,dorsal and lateral views of stamen; F , staminate bud and bud with part of calyx and one petal removed; G , adaxial, abaxial, and lateral views of stamen; H , leaf with detail of leaflet ( H’ ); I , portion of infructescence; J , lateral and apical views of pyrene; K , fruit and cross-section (left); A -E , Malcomber 625 (NY); F -G , Service Forestier 4221 (NY); H , Schatz et al. 1807 (NY); I , Birkinshaw et al. 504 (NY); J , Treuer et al. 8 (NY); K , Rabenantoandro et al. 532 (NY). Scale bars: A, H, I-K, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C, D, F, G, 2 mm; E, 1 mm; H’, not to scale. NOTES Canarium galokense , sp. nov. belongs to a group of species including C. betamponae , sp. nov. , C, globosum , sp. nov. and C. subsidarium , sp. nov. that all have 3-5-jugate leaves, usually small and oblong leaflets, and similarly sized fruits. They are compared in Table 1 under C. betamponae , sp. nov. Moreover, C. galokense , sp. nov. is distinguished from all three by its much longer stipular scar (2-6 vs 1-2 mm long), inflorescence hairs dark-ferrugineous, the fruit broadly oblong to broadly ovoid (vs globose to ovoid), and the fruit surface lenticellate (vs glabrous and usually glossy). It is further distinguished from C. betamponae , sp. nov. and C. globosum , sp. nov. by the stipules closer to petiole insertion (7-10 vs 11-30 mm in the latter two).