Carnivora from the early Oligocene of the ‘ Phosphorites du Quercy’ in southwestern France Author Bonis, Louis de Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France) louis.debonis@univ-poitiers.fr Author Gardin, Axelle Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France) axelle.gardin@univ-poitiers.fr Author Blondel, Cécile Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France) cecile.blondel@univ-poitiers.fr text Geodiversitas 2019 2019-09-10 41 15 601 621 journal article 10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a15 1e89d723-7f54-4d6b-85dd-6bcd573eca32 1638-9395 3694209 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9DD3CC29-3AEA-44B8-8E8F-6AD882DF5B1C Genus Amphicynodon Filhol, 1881 TYPE SPECIES . — Cynodon velaunus Aymard, 1846 (by original designation). DIAGNOSIS. — Amphicynodontidae with a relatively low skull with a faint sagittal crest slightly more developed distally; elongate muzzle; ossified bullae; shallow suprameatal fossa; alisphenoid canal present. Dental formula 3/3 I, 1/1 C, 4/4 P, 2-3/ 3 M. Simple premolars P1-P3 and p1-p3; short P4 with robust protocone and short metastyle; triangular M1 with tiny parastyle without paraconule but with metaconule; M2 more or less reduced; p4 with pacd or not; grouped and not very tall trigonid of m1, horizontal wear of the cuspids, metaconid as high as the paraconid; not very elongate m2 with paraconid present or not, metaconid as high or higher than the protoconid; small rounded m3. The genus is present in the old Quercy collections represented by several species but also in the new early Oligocene localities ( Table 1 ). REMARK Aymard (1846) created the species C. velaunus for a fossil from the early Oligocene locality Ronzon ( France ) that he described a few years later ( Aymard 1850 ). He added another species, C. palustris Aymard, 1853 for a hemi-mandible slightly larger than that of C. velaunus . Later (1881) Filhol, considering that C. palustris was very different from C. velaunus , created the new genus Amphicynodon for it. Finally, the name Cynodon being pre-occupied by a fish, Trouessart (1904) proposed the genus name Aymardia . However, following the rules of nomenclature, Amphicynodon Filhol, 1881 has priority, although Teilhard (1915) , without taking into account either Filhol or Trouessart, continued using Cynodon . Later, several species of Amphicynodon were described, principally from the old collections of the Quercy, thus lacking biostratigraphic support. We shall here focus on the specimens from MP 22.