Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in Agavaceae and Cactaceae including seven new species Author Rotheray, Graham E. Author Marcos-García, Maria-Angeles Author Hancock, Geoff Author Pérez-Bañón, Celeste Author Maier, Chris T. text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2009 2009-08-31 156 4 697 749 https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00503.x journal article 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00503.x 0024-4082 5443474 COPESTYLUM SANTAROSAE ROTHERAY, HANCOCK & MARCOS SP. NOV. Adult: Male holotype : face smoothly tapered from eye margins to mouth (view from in front). Face and frons yellow, yellow haired and face without mid-dorsal vitta. Facial tubercle well developed and below mid point between antennae and the mouth ( Fig. 2 ). Lateral vittae black and genae mostly black. Antennae yellow with plumose arista, basoflagellomere dorsally not excavated and about 2.5¥ as long as broad. Ocellar triangle black with black hairs. Eyes black haired reaching lower margin and longer on top of head. Suture same length as ocellar triangle. Ground colour of mesonotum black except for pale yellow lateral margins and a pair of pale yellow spots at the posterior margin. These yellow areas not uniform in colour with brighter yellow markings on the notopleuron, between the transverse suture and the postalar callus and on the posterior margin. Mesonotum with mixed short and long hairs. Longer hairs about 2¥ as long as shorter hairs. Medial area of mesonotum posterior to transverse suture hairs black, yellow hairs anterior to transverse suture and along lateral and posterior margins. Scutellum yellow with yellow hairs. Pleurae black except yellow anterior dorsal anepisternum and yellow haired except some black hairs on posterior anepisternum. Wing membrane microtrichose round the margins and on the apical third, medial crossveins brown marked and apical third of wing darkened. Legs dark yellowish with mixed pale and black hairs. Abdominal sternites black except sternite 2 and most of 3, which are yellow. Sternites yellow haired. Abdominal tergite 1 yellow, tergite 2 bright yellow except for black posterolateral margins, tergite 3 with a pair of yellow spots, tergite 4 black and pale haired. Tergites 2 and 3 yellow haired except black haired on posterior margin. Genitalia damaged and not describable. Female: Unknown. Length: Body 6 mm ; wing 6 mm ( N = 1). Puparium: Anterior fold without extra large spicules. Anterodorsal margin of mesothorax with paired groups of spicules on either side of the margin. Each group with anterior rows of up to five spicules and a posterior row of up to seven smaller spicules. Anterodorsal margin of mesothorax with broad setae lacking spicules. Abdominal vestiture of short, upright setae. Anal lobe with spicules. Posterior breathing tube orange, not tapering. AP smooth and shiny, and about as long as TR is wide and about 1.3¥ length of a pupal spiracle. Pupal spiracles orange, matt, shining apically, and with openings in upper third. Pupal spiracles 1.7¥ as wide apart as a pupal spiracle is long. Material examined: 1 ♂ , one puparium COSTA RICA Guanacaste , Santa Rosa, Playa Naranjo 26.vi.2000 D. Briceño, E. G. H., G. E. R. ex decaying Opuntia guatemalensis Britton and Rose 1919 (Cactaceae) (INBio). Etymology: The name refers to ‘Santa Rosa’ the Costa Rica locality where the larvae of the type specimen were found. Taxonomic notes: Copestylum santarosae is distinctive amongst Pictum group species in having a darkened apex to the wing, a broad (> half tergite width) yellow stripe across abdominal tergite 2, a yellow haired scutellum and a yellow face lacking a central vitta. The puparium of C. santarosae is similar to those species of the Pictum group having a nontapering posterior breathing tube. Amongst these it is most similar to C. pachecoi in having an AP shorter than the TR is wide. It differs from C. pachecoi in having an AP that is less than 1.5¥ the length of the pupal spiracles, lacking spicules on the anterodorsal margin of the mesothorax and in having only five and seven spicules in each row of the paired grouped spicules on the anterodorsal margin of the mesothorax instead of seven and 11 in C. pachecoi .