Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in Agavaceae and Cactaceae including seven new species Author Rotheray, Graham E. Author Marcos-García, Maria-Angeles Author Hancock, Geoff Author Pérez-Bañón, Celeste Author Maier, Chris T. text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2009 2009-08-31 156 4 697 749 https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00503.x journal article 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00503.x 0024-4082 5443474 COPESTYLUM SATUR (OSTEN SACKEN, 1877) Larva and puparium ( Fig. 20 ): Dorsal abdominal vestiture confined to medial areas on the transverse bands. Ventral abdominal vestiture of varying length with anterior ends of folds with longer setae than posterior ends. Posterior breathing tube yellowbrown, surface corrugated and shiny, about half width of puparium. TR barely discernable. AP bulging at apex, tapering slightly and 0.75¥ as long as a pupal spiracle. Spiracular openings at apex with simple s-shaped curves. Pupal spiracles long, about 3¥ as long as basal width, slightly outcurved, shiny red with openings in upper third and separated by 1.4¥ their length ( Fig. 49 ). Taxonomic notes: Copestylum satur is more similar to C. fornax (Townsend, 1895) than to C. fraudulentum (Williston, 1891) . It is distinguished from C. fraudulentum by the shallow TR and vestiture confined to medial areas of abdominal transverse folds and from C. fornax by the yellow-brown, slightly tapering posterior breathing tube and the longer pupal spiracles which are about 3¥ basal length and which are separated by less than 2¥ their length. Material examined: 3 ♂ , 1 ♀ , four puparia, two larvae USA Arizona , Yuma 25.ii.1940 HT Rainwater ex decaying Opuntia (SI) . Previous records: Mann (1969) ex Opuntia .