Review of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions of twelve new genera, including three genera of ' fire millipedes' (Diplopoda) Author Wesener, Thomas urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author: Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U. S. A. & Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Museumsmeile Bonn, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113 Bonn, Germany. & B 54 D 3623309 Author Enghoff, Henrik urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author: Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Author Sierwald, Petra urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author: Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U. S. A. text ZooKeys 2009 2009-09-04 19 19 1 128 journal article 10.3897/zookeys.19.221 e6ea8eea-7156-4785-8313-f4bd88dadad1 1313–2970 576503 C473F9F6-1AE7-4B3F-B17F-CA1C2709010C Flagellobolus Wesener , gen. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 30252D40-A093-48F8-9756-96A56C848B70 Type species : Flagellobolus pauliani sp. n. , monotypic Diagnosis : anterior and posterior gonopods of unique shape ( Figs 23C, D ): anterior gonopod with a telopodite process, retrorse part slender, located at midpoint of process instead of apically, a feature not shared with any other genus from Madagascar ( Fig. 23D ). Most unusual feature of Flagellobolus gen. n. is the unique elongation of the posterior gonopod telopodite into a simple, strongly elongated, thin tip ( Figs 23E, F ). This genus shares a small body size and elongated antennae with Spiromimus , Zehntnerobolus , Alluviobolus gen. n. and Ostinobolus gen. n. Gnathochilarium with a subdivided mentum and a single sclerotized ledge on each stipites, like in Riotintobolus gen. n. , Pseudocentrobolus gen. n. , Granitobolus gen. n. , Caprobolus gen. n. , Alluviobolus gen. n. , Ostinobolus gen. n. Although the posterior gonopods of Flagellobolus gen. n. are connected by a large sternite, the telopodites do more closely resemble those of species of the Spirobolidea families Spirobolellidae and Pseudospirobolellidae instead of other Trigoniulidea . Figure 23. Flagellobolus pauliani sp. n. , male holotype, A telson B left midbody leg C anterior gonopod, anterior view D anterior gonopod, posterior view E posterior gonopods, posterior view, slightly turned F posterior gonopods, posterior view, original position. av = anal valves; cp = coxite process; Cx = coxite; Pre = preanal ring; rp = retrorse process; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm. Distribution and ecology : Flagellobolus was collected on Madagascar in the eastern rainforest of Périnet (Andasibe) and the montane rainforest of Andranomay. Its ecology is entirely unknown. Etymology : Flagellobolus , masculine, is composed of ‘ flagello ’, after flagellum , latin for whip, which refers to the characteristically shaped posterior gonopods, and - bolus .