Synopsis of the Grenadier Fishes (Gadiformes; Teleostei) of Taiwan Author Iwamoto, Tomio Section of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Author Nakayama, Naohide Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, 2 - 5 - 1 Akebono-cho, Kochi, 780 - 8073, Japan; Author Shao, Kwang-Tsao Research Center for Biodiversity, Academia Sinica No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Author Table, Hsuan-Ching Ho text Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 2015 2015-04-15 62 3 31 126 journal article 299670 10.5281/zenodo.11512126 522b8de7-880d-40ca-803e-aa5a3a05c5f6 0068-547X 11512126 Hymenocephalus papyraceus Jordan and Gilbert, 1904 Figure 12 . Hymenocephalus papyraceus Jordan and Gilbert, 1904:614. fig. ( holotype USNM 50935, 147 mm TL; Sagami Bay, Japan , 120–265 fm [ 219–485 m ], Albatross sta. 3697).— Okamura, 1970:56–58 , pl. XVII, text-fig. 24 ( 1 spec. , 95 mm TL, Pacific coast s. Japan ).— Sazonov, 1993:117–121 (fig.) ( 1 spec. , East China Sea; 800–826 m ). Hymenocephalus ( Papyrocephalus ) papyraceus : Gilbert and Hubbs, 1920:539 (included as one of three species in new subgenus). Hymenocephalus papiraceus : Okamura in Masuda et al., 1984:94 , pl. 344–I (species name misspelled; compiled). MATERIAL EXAMINED .— NET : NMMB-P 9121 (1, 25.7 HL), Da-xi. DISTINGUISHING FEATURES .— 1D II,10; P i14; V 11; GR-I (outer/inner) 0+16/5+17, GR-II 5+17/4+16. Orbit 23% HL, 1.4 into postorbital; interorbital 35%; internasal width 23%; suborbital 19%; postorbital 54%; orbit to preopercle angle 54%; upper jaw 47%; barbel 3.5%; 1D-2D interspace 60%; P length 70%; V length 62%; length outer V to A origin 54%; pre-anal length 144%; length outer gill slit 27%. Head relatively deep and broad; orbit not included in dorsal profile; nape high, beginning slightly behind posterior edge of orbit. Snout with high median nasal ridge, flexible, pointed tip projecting slightly beyond mouth. Posterior end of preopercle ridge narrowly chisel-shaped (or flathead shovel-shaped). Barbel small but distinct. Head color mostly black, but dorsal head bones and snout transparent. Entire trunk to over A origin deeply and heavily peppered; remainder of body covered with large melanophores. Ground color medium brown; A base black anteriorly. Gular and BR membranes black. Attains about 150 mm TL REMARKS .— Hymenocephalus papyraceus is apparently a rare species, having been recorded only three times previously: the holotype (and only type specimen), a small specimen in poor condition reported by Okamura (1970) , and the East China Sea specimen of Sazonov (1993) . The Taiwan specimen is the first record from outside Japanese waters.