Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina) Author Shi, Hongliang 0000-0002-9989-5830 shihl@bjfu.edu.cn Author Liang, Hongbin 0000-0002-9989-5830 shihl@bjfu.edu.cn text Zootaxa 2023 2023-05-18 5286 1 1 144 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1 journal article 263342 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1 67e7a105-1f62-414a-83d9-f758039eb726 1175-5326 7958937 F9834684-24D3-4795-B5EB-77B451DF856D [2] Parena ( Crossoglossa ) laesipennis ( Bates, 1873 ) Habitus: Figs 17A–D . Male genitalia: Figs 18 , 19 . Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11Z . FIGURE 17 . Habitus of Parena ( Crossoglossa ) laesipennis species group. A Lectotype of Parena laesipennis (Bates) . B P . laesipennis (Bates) , male from Taiwan. C P . laesipennis (Bates) , female from Yunnan. D P . laesipennis (Bates) , male from Nepal. E Holotype of Parena levata Andrewes. F P. levata Andrewes , female from Borneo. Scale bars = 2 mm. Bates, 1873: 317 (original: Crossoglossa ; type locality: Nagasaki; lectotype in MNHN); Jacobson, 1907: 403 ( Crossoglossa ); Jedlička, 1946: 8 ; Jedlička, 1963: 439 ; Habu, 1967: 168; Habu, 1982: 118 ; Lafer, 1989: 213 ; Park & Kwon, 1998: 36 ( South Korea ); Kirschenhofer, 2011: 66 . Karube et al ., 2012: 3 (Ogasawara Is.). Misidentification : Parena cavipennis (Bates) : Habu, 1942: 78 ( Japan ). Misidentification : Parena rufotestacea Jedlička : Xie & Yu, 1993: 194 ( China : Fujian , Yunnan ); Kirschenhofer, 2006: 89 ; Park et al ., 2006: 102 ( Vietnam ). FIGURE 18 . Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena ( Crossoglossa ) laesipennis (Bates) , right-lateral (r), ventral (v), leftlateral (l), and dorsal (d) views. A Yunnan. B Yunnan. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. FIGURE 19 . Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena ( Crossoglossa ) laesipennis (Bates) from different localities, left-lateral (l) and dorsal (d) views: A Laos. B Taiwan. C Nepal. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Type material examined . Crossoglossa laesipennis Bates : Lectotype (MNHN, Fig. 17A ), designated herein: female, body length = 11.9 mm , pin mounted, " NAGASAKI ", "TYPE" [red label], " Ex Musaeo H.W. Bates , 1892", "MUSEUM PARIS 1952, Coll. R. OBERTHUR", " Crossoglossa laesipennis Bates " [hand written] . Paralectotype (MNHN): 1 female , teneral, without abdomen, labia glued on board and solely pinned, " NAGASAKI ", "PARATYPE" [red label], " Ex Musaeo H.W. Bates , 1892", "MUSEUM PARIS 1952, Coll. R. OBERTHUR" . Notes on types . This species was originally described from an unspecified number of specimens from " Nagasaki ", but more than one specimen was implied. In the collection of MNHN, a total of two specimens from Bates's collection accord with the original description. We herein designate the one bearing Bates's handwriting label ( Fig. 17A ) as the lectotype . We also examined a female in NHML labeled as "type", with a determination label not in accord with Bates's handwriting, and the locality "Hiogo" different from the type locality in the original description. Thus, this one is considered to be mislabeled as type and excluded from the type series. Non-type material examined . Japan : 1 female (NHML), "HIOGO", "Japan. / G. Lewis. / 1910-320", " Type " [round label with red circle], " Crossoglossa / laesipennis / Bates ". 1 male (IZAS), "Mt. Tatsurayama Tsushima Is. Nagasaki Pref. , 1989.VIII.2 , M. Ito leg.". 1 male (OMNH), "Iwawaki Osaka , 1959.VI.27 , T. Kawatsu". 1 female (OMNH), "Izumi, Osaka-Pref., 1986.VII.20 , leg. O. Tohinaga". 1 male (OMNH), "Mt. Karasuga-dake, nr. Mikumo. Kouga Shiga , 1980.XI.30 , Mitsuo Goto leg.". 1 female (OMNH), "Mt. Oikedake Mie-Pref., 1956.IV.22 , Coll. Zen. Naruse". China : 1 female (SNU), " Zhejiang , Lin’an, W. Tianmushan, 2008.VI., Huang Hao lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Zhejiang , W. Tianmushan, 1200 m , Bi Wenxuan lgt., 2010.V.2 ". 1 female (IZAS), " Zhejiang , W. Tianmushan, Song Haitian lgt., 2010.V.1 ". 1 ex (IZAS), " Hunan , Ningxiang, Huaminglou, Shili vill. 2015.IX.29 D, 152 m , N28.0974 E112.6638 , Zhao KD. lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Hunan , Ningxiang, Huaminglou, Shili vill. 2015.IX.27 D, 148 m , N28.0939 E112.6640 , Yao J. lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Hunan , Mangshan, 2007.VIII.24 , Tang Guo lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Fujian , Jianyang, Huangkeng, Guilin, 270–340 m , 1960.IV.8 , Zhang Yiran lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Guangdong , Ruyuan, Nanling, Ruyang station, N24.93450 , E113.01588 ; 1266 m , 2008.VII.20 , Liang Hongbin lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Hainan , Bawangling, 1000 m , 1997.V.22 , Yu Peiyu lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Hainan , Limushan, Sanquling, 2007.11.30 , Zhu Xiaoyu lgt.". 1 female (CAU), " Hainan , Yinggeling, Baisha, Hongmao vill., 2007.X.19 , Wang Fang lgt.". 1 male (ZWWC), " Chongqing , Jiangjin, Simianshan, 2007.X.22–23 , Zhang Weiwei lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), " Yunnan , Xishuangbanna, Mengzhe, 870 m , 1958.VI.30 , Wang Shuyong lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Yunnan , Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang, 850 m , 1957.X.24 , Wang Shuyong lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Yunnan , Xishuangbanna, Meng’a, 1050–1080 m , 1958.V.11 , Wang Shuyong lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Yunnan , Mengla, Menglun 55 km , 703 m , 2013.X.3 , Yang Xiaodong lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), " Yunnan , Fugong county, Pihe, Bajiao, N26.54816 , E98.89576 , 1120 m , 2005.VIII.23 , Liang Hongbin lgt.". 1 female (CAS), " Yunnan , Tengchong county, Mangbang, Longwenqiao, N25.02329 , E98.67710 , 1290 m , 2006.VI.5 , Liang Hongbin & Hu Peng lgt.". 1 female (CAS), " Yunnan , Tengchong coungty, Mangbang, Longwenqiao, N25.02396 , E98.67675 , 1285 m , 2006.VI.5 , Kavanaugh D. & Brett R. lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Yunnan , Gongshan county, btw. Pulahekou and Gazutian, 2007.IX.25 , Shi Hongliang lgt." < Figs 11Z , 17C >. 1 male (IZAS), "Tengchong, Qushi, Heiyuhe, 1490 m , 2002.X.1 , Situ Yingxian lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), "Yongde county, Yinchang, 2300 m , 2002.VI.29 , Song Jinxin & Huang Kunyun lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Yunnan , Ruili, Nongdao town, way btw Dengga and Sepengqiao, N23.95285 , E97.59808 – N23.97518 , E97.56944 , 927– 807 m , 2009.VIII.11 , on vegetation, Shi Hongliang lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), " Yunnan , Jingmai, Huimin, Lancang, 100°01’34.42’’E, 22°12’04.79’’N, 1488 m , Jianfeng Liang, Chengcong Yu, 2017.VII.11 , Net capture". 1 male (IZAS), " Yunnan , Ruili, Bangda vill, 1432 m , 2015-IX-3 , Yang Xiaodong lgt." < Fig. 18B >. 1 female (IZAS), " Yunnan , Ruili, Bangda vill, 1432 m , 2015-IX-10 , Yang Xiaodong lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), "China, Yunnan , Wenshan, Zhuilijie, 1734 m , 2019.V-23 , Leg. Y.-Q. LU"< Fig. 18A >. 1 male (IZAS), " Xizang , Mêdog county, 1111 m , 2014-VII-30 , Yang Xiaodong lgt.". 1 male , 1 female (CCCC), "Taiwan, Taitung county, Orchid Island, 2006. V.9 , Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 male (CCCC), "Taiwan, Taipei, Yingchiling, 1999.VI.30 , Chou Wen-I lgt." < Fig. 19B >. 1 female (CCCC), "Taiwan, Nantou county, Puli town, Shitsaitou, 1994.IV.15 , Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 female (CCCC), "Taiwan, Pintung county, Hengchun town, Nanrenshan, 1992.XII.17 , Chou Wen-I lgt." < Figs 4C , 14J >. 1 female (CCCC), "Taiwan, Taipei county, Sanhsia town, 1992.V.2 , Chen Changchin lgt.". 2 ex (CCCC), "Taiwan, Taoyuan county, Fuhsing, Sankuang, 1994.VII.14 ". 1 ex (MTMB), "Taiwan, Nantou county, Puli, singled, 19.XI.2002 , leg. H.R. Tzuoo". Vietnam : 1 ex (MNHN), "Tonkin, Reg de Hoa Binh , A. de Cooman, 1927". 1 female (CRS), "Vietnam, Lao Cai prov. , near Sa Pa, Cat Cat vill. env. H= 1200 m , 10–20.V.2018 " < Fig. 14B >. Laos : 1 male (NHMB), "LAO, Phongsaly prov. 21°41-2' N 102°6 -8'E, 28.v.-20.vi.2003 , Phongsaly env., ~ 1500 m , Pacholatko leg.". 2 ex (NHMB), "LAO, Phongsaly prov. 21°41-2' N 102°6 -8'E, 28.v.-20.vi.2003 , Phongsaly env., ~ 1500 m , Vit Kuban leg.". 2 ex. (NHMB), "LAOS-NE, Xieng Khouang prov. 19°37-8' N 103°20 -1'E, 30 km NE Phonsavan: Ban Ba Lam- Phou Sane Mt., 1300–1700 m , 10–30.v.2009 , M. Geiser leg.". 3 ex (NHMB), "LAOS-NE, Xieng Khouang prov. 19°37-8' N 103°20 -1'E, Phonsavan ( 30km NE): Phou Sane Mt., 1400–1700 m , 10-30.v.2009 , D. Hauck leg." < Fig. 19A >. 1 ex (NHMB), "LAOS-NE, Xieng Khouang prov. 19°37-8' N 103°20' E, Phonsavan ( 30km NE): Phou Sane Mt., 1400–1500 m , 10-30.v.2009 , Z. Kraus leg.". 1 ex (NHMB), "LAOS-NE, Houa Phan prov. 20°11-13’ N 103°59’ -104°1’E, Ban Saluei-Phou Pane Mt, 9.-17.vi.2009 , 1300–1900 m , M. Geiser leg.". Myammar : 1 female (NHML), "Birmah, Rubymes, Dohelly", "60863", "Fry coll. 1905.100". Thailand : 1 ex (CMB), "N.W. Thailand, Mae Hong Son , 17– 18.5.1999 , R. Grimm". 1 ex (CSF), "Thailand, Chiang Mai prov. 25 km N of CHIANG DAO, 28- 30.6.2002 , WGS 84: 19°40'N, 098°50'E, lgt. Fouque R.+H.". 1 ex (CSF), "Thailand, 7.-12.5. MAE HONG SON prov. SOPPONG, 1500 m , 19°27' N 98°20' E, lgt. S. Becvar, 1996". India : 1 ex (NHMB), "Durpin 1200 m , 26.III.1986 "; "Indian Darjeeling D. Bhakta B.". 1 ex (NHMB), "Chuba Busty, 1080 m , 18.IV.1984 "; "Darjeeling D. India Bhakta B.". 1 ex (NHMB), "India VII–VIII, Darjeeling D. Bhakta B. 1985". 1 male (NHMB), ""Indien Darjeeling D. Bhakta B.", "Reenak, 9-13.V.90". 1 ex (NHMB), "Kalimp. 1000 m , Rinkingpong, 22.IV.1987 "; "Indien Darjeeling D. Ch.J. Rai". 1 ex (NHMB), "Kalimpong, 5.VII.1981 "; "Darjeeling Distr. India Bhakta B.". 1 ex (MNHN), "Rhenok, 3000p., VII. VIII.1900 , Sikkim ?". 1 female (NHMB), "NE India, Meghalaya , Tura peak, 600– 1000 m , 25°30’ N 90°14 "E, L. Dembicky leg., 12.-22.vi.2007 ". Nepal : 1 ex (NHMB), "Burhanilkanth, 1440–1650 m , 16.VI.1983 "; "Nepal, Kathmandu v., M. Brancucci". 1 ex (NHMB), "Nepal Kathmandu V., Godavari 1500 m , M. Brancucci"; "21.-27.VI, 1989". 1 ex (NHMB), "Nepal Kathmandu V. Burhanikanth"; " 19.V.1989 1450 m , M. Brancucci". 1 ex (NHMB), "Nepal Kathmandu V. Godavari 1500 m "; " 21-27.V.1989 1450 m , M. Brancucci". 1 male (NHMB), "Godavari 1500–1700 m , 21.5", "Nepal, 1977 Wittmer, Brancucci". 1 male (NHMB), "Balaju 23.V. 1350 m", "Nepal, 1977, Wittmer, Brancucci" < Figs 17D , 19C >. 1 ex (NHMB), "Nepal Bagm ati, Sindhupalchok, Parahang-Dapkakharka", " 2100 m , 11.VI.99, M. Brancucci". 1 ex (NHMB), "Nepal: Kosi - #13 Depitar 27°27’N/ 87°17E to Barabishe 27°26N/87°18’E, 1250– 560 m , 12.vi.01". 1 ex (NHMB), "Nepal: Kosi - #10 Mure 27°30’N/ 87°16E 2000–2100 m , 6–8/11–12.vi.01". 1 ex (CSF), "NEPAL Annapurna Himal, Lumle, 17. – 22.06.1999 , A. Kudrna JR. Lgt.". Malaysia : 1 male (NHMB), "MALAYSIA, PAHANG , 2003 Cameron Highlands; TANAH RATA, 1500–1700 m , P. Pacholatko leg. 24.-31.i.". Comparisons . P. laesipennis is most similar to P. obenbergi , and also might be confused with a sympatric species, P. cavipennis . See "Comparisons" under the latter two species. Description . Body length 9.5–12.6 mm . Dorsum yellowish brown to reddish brown; basal three antennomeres, and basal half of antennomere 4 brown, remainder of antennae black; venter brown. Pronotum strongly transverse, PW/PL = 1.50–1.65, usually much wider than head, PW/HW = 1.05–1.14; widest at anterior third, lateral explanations very wide. Elytra without microsculpture, or with very weak isodiametric microsculpture near apices; striae not incised, replaced by rows of fine punctures; intervals completely flat, very finely and sparsely punctate; disc well depressed near middle of intervals 3 to 6, depressions subtriangular; apical truncation distinct, straight or slightly curved, outer apical angles weakly angulate, forming very blunt obtuse angles; sutural angles sharply pointed, forming short denticles. Median lobe of aedeagus gradually narrowed to apex, ventral margin straight or gently curved; apical lamella more or less bent toward dorsum, length 1.50–1.65 folds as its basal width, apex rounded. Endophallus very densely scaled on basal sheath, base of apical sheath discoid in dorsal view; squamate sac equally divided, situated on basal fifth of median lobe, right to squamate sheath, distal sac slightly closer to base than proximal sac ( Fig. 18A ). Gonocoxite II of ovipositor dichotomous, inner branch with two long ensiform setae apically, outer branch slightly longer than the inner one, apex with two or three ensiform setae, much shorter than those on the inner branch ( Fig. 11Z ). Distribution ( Map 3 , red). China ( Zhejiang , Hunan , Fujian , Guangdong , Hainan , Chongqing , Yunnan , Xizang , Taiwan) , Japan , South Korea , Vietnam , Laos , Thailand , Myanmar , Malaysia , India (Darjeeling), Nepal . Geographical variation . The southwestern specimens (from southwest China , Laos , Thailand , Nepal , and India , Figs 17C–D , 18A, 18B , 19A, 19C ) of P. laesipennis are slightly different from the typical specimens (from Japan and Taiwan , Figs 17A–B , 19B ). They are usually slightly darker and smaller sized (9.5–11.0 mm versus 11.0– 12.6 mm ), and with elytral microsculpture less obvious. The male genitalia also differ slightly as well: in the southwestern specimens, the apical lamella is generally slightly more bent to the dorsum, and the ventral margin is slightly more curved in lateral view. However, the above differences are subtle, not always stable, and intermediate status is present in some individuals from Eastern China . Therefore, we believe that the above characters gradually vary by distance from northeast to southwest, and that all the above populations should be classified as the same species.