Taxonomic revision of the family Eosentomidae (Hexapoda: Protura) from Japan 2701 Author Nakamura, Osami text Zootaxa 2010 2010-12-03 2701 1 109 journal article 1175­5334 Eosentomon simulans Nakamura sp. nov. Fig. 49 ; Table 20 Type specimens. Holotype female ( NSMT –Ap 518), Horaisan –jinja, Tanuma –machi, Tochigi Prefecture , 36º32'43"N , 139º28'44"E , 350 m elevation, litter of a forest dominated by Acer spp. , 13-VII-1997 , K. Furuno et al. leg . Paratypes : 1 female ( NSMT –Ap 519), Mt. Komaga –take, Kanegasaki –machi, Iwate Prefecture , 39º11'21"N , 140º55'41"E , 1020 m elevation, litter of a forest dominated by F. crenata , 18-VIII-2001 , H. Tamura et al. leg.; 1 female ( NSMT –Ap 520), Mt. Tsukuba , Tsukuba –shi, Ibaraki Prefecture , 36º13'35"N , 140º05'54"E , 840 m elevation, litter of a forest dominated by F. crenata , 10-IX-1995 , H. Sakayori leg. TABLE 20. Chaetotaxy of Eosentomon simulans sp. nov.

Dorsal	Ventral
Formula	Composition of setae	Formula	Composition of setae
Thorax	I	4	1, 2	6-2	A1, 2, 3, M
6	P1, 2, 3
II	6	A2, 4, M	6-2	A1, 2, 3, M
16	P1, 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 4, 5	6	P1, 2, 3-
III	6	A2, 4, M	6-4	A1, 2, 3, M1, 2
20	P1, 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 4, 4a, 5, 6	8	P1, 2, 2a, 3
Abdomen	I	4	A1, 2	4	A1, 2
12	P1, 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 4	4	P1, 2
II-III	10	A1, 2, 3, 4, 5	6	A1, 2, 3
16	P1, 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 4a, 5	4	P1, 2
IV-VI	10	A1, 2, 3, 4, 5	6	A1, 2, 3
16	P1, 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 4a, 5	10	P1, 2, 2a, 2a’, 3
VII	6	A2, 4, 5	6	A1, 2, 3
16	P1, 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 4a, 5	10	P1, 2, 2a, 2a’, 3
VIII	6	M2, 4, 5	2	A
9	Pc, 1a, 1a’, 2, 2a	9	Pc, 1, 1a, 2, 3
IX-X	8	1, 2, 3, 4	6	1, 1a, 2
XI	8	1, 2, 3, 4	8	1, 2, 3, 4
Telson	9	12

FIGURE 49. Eosentomon simulans sp. nov. , holotype, female. A, dorsal view of head, right side; B, labrum and rostral region; C, maxillary palpus; D, galea; E, mandible; F, exterior view of foretarsus; G, interior view of foretarsus; H, distal part of middle tarsus; I, dorsal view of hind tarsus; J, female squama genitalis; K, abdominal tergite VIII. Scales: 20 µm. TABLE 21. Differential characters of eight related Eosentomon spp. with two anterior and nine posterior setae on sternite VIII.

Character	novemchaetum Yin, 1965	dimecempod i Yin, 1990	ateruii sp. nov.	hitakami sp. nov.	imperiale sp. nov.	kubotai sp. nov.	longispine sp. nov.	simulans sp. nov.
Body length (µm)	600–884	1030–1100	754–800	787	630–852	624–975	871–962	566–709
Labral setae	?	?	absent	present	present	absent	present	present
Rostral setae ( rs )	?	?	inflated	inflated	simple	inflated	inflated	inflated
Extra setae between both rs setae	?	?	absent	absent	absent	present	absent	absent
Inner structure in pseudoculus	absent	present	absent	present	absent	absent	absent	present
PR	8–11	5.0–5.4	8.9–9.6	12.5	6.3	13.1	7.0–7.4	8.7
Foretarsus length (µm)	54–61	60–61	60–62	66	61–67	75–77	63	60–61
BS	0.9	0.9	0.8–0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8–0.9
Shape of foretarsal sensillum t2	linear	thinly spatulate	linear	linear	thinly spatulate	linear	thinly spatulate	thinly spatulate
Shape of foretarsal sensillum t3	linear	linear	broadened	broadened	broadened	linear	linear	linear
Length of t3	not reaching α7	not reaching α7	surpassing α7	not reaching α7	surpassing α7	surpassing α7	not reaching α7	not reaching α7

Shape of foretarsal sensillum b linear linear linear linear spatulate linear linear linear Shape of foretarsal sensillum c linear linear broadened linear linear linear broadened linear surpassing not reaching surpassing not reaching surpassing not reaching Length of c not reaching Ύ3 surpassing Ύ3 Ύ3 Ύ3 Ύ3 Ύ3 Ύ3 Ύ3 Length of foretarsal sensillum d not reaching α6 reaching α6 reaching z reaching α6 reaching α7 reaching α6 reaching α7 reaching z Shape of d linear broadened? broadened linear broadened linear broadened broadened thinly thinly thinly thinly Shape of foretarsal sensillum f1 linear spatulate spatulate spatulate spatulate spatulate spatulate spatulate Shape of foretarsal sensillum f2 short linear short linear linear thin linear linear linear broadened linear longer longer than longer than longer than longer than longer than Length of foretarsal sensillum b’1 same as b’2 same as b’2 than b’2 b’2 b’2 b’2 b’2 b’2 Shape of foretarsal sensillum b’2 linear spatulate linear linear linear linear spatulate linear Empodium on middle tarsus short? long short short long short long short Empodium on hind tarsus long long long short long short long long Number of setae, sternites IX-X 6 6 6 6 6 4 6 6 Other specimens examined. Two females, Mt. Tsukuba, Tsukuba–shi, Ibaraki Prefecture , 36º13'35"N , 140º05'54"E , 840 m elevation, litter of a forest dominated by F. crenata , 4-XI-1995 , H. Sakayori leg.; 1 male , Konsei–toge, Nikko–shi, Tochigi Prefecture , 36º49'07"N , 139º23'45"E , 2000 m elevation, litter of a forest dominated by T. diversifolia and Abies mariesii , 13-IX-1997 , K. Furuno et al. leg.; 1 female , Madachi, Nikko–shi, Tochigi Prefecture , 36º47'14"N , 139º31'20"E , 1720 m elevation, litter of a forest dominated by T. diversifolia and B. ermanii , 4-VI-1997 , K. Furuno et al. leg.; 1 male , Shizu, Mt. Nanatai–san, Nikko–shi, Tochigi Prefecture , 36º46'29"N , 139º29'32"E , 1720 m elevation, litter of a forest dominated by B. ermanii , Abies veitchii and T. diversifolia , 9-IX-1996 , K. Furuno et al. leg.; 1 male , Tochimoto, Otaki, Chichibu–shi, Saitama Prefecture , 35º56'58"N , 138º53'57"E , 900 m elevation, 1-V-1991 , Y. Kuwabara leg. Description. Body length 683 (566–709) µm. Head 86 (87–96) µm long, 68 (62–65) µm wide. Setae aa , pa and m4 present, sensilla as and ps present ( Fig. 49A ); seta sp 1.2 (1.2–1.3) times longer than p ; sensilla pp rudimentary. Labral setae present ( Fig. 49B ). Seta rs inflated, equal to sr in length ( Fig. 49B ). On maxillary palpus ( Fig. 49C ) sensilla md and ml similar to each other in shape and length. On galea ( Fig. 49D ) digit O longer than M and I. Mandible with two teeth ( Fig. 49E ). Clypeal apodemes weakly visible ( Figs. 49A, B ). Pseudoculus almost circular, 10 µm long, with one central spot ( Fig. 49A ), PR = 8.7. Foretarsus length ( Figs. 49F, G ) 61 (60) µm; claw 13 µm, TR = 4.8 (4.8); empodium 13 (13) µm, EU = 1.0 (1.0); sensillum s slightly longer than claw, 14 (14) µm long. Sensillum t1 close to α 3 , BS = 0.8 (0.9); t2 thinly spatulate; t3 thin; a nearer to γ 1 than to γ 2 ; b and c thin; d broadened, reaching base of z ; e and g roundedly spatulate and long; f1 small and spatulate; f2 thin; a' slightly broadened; b'1 closer to δ 3' than to δ 4’ ; b'2 thin; c' absent. Length of middle tarsus 28 (27–28) µm, length of claw 10 (10) µm, empodium short ( Fig. 49H ), 1 (1–2) µm long; hind tarsus 33 (34) µm, claw 11 (11) µm, empodium long ( Fig. 49I ), 8 (7) µm; on hind tarsus ( Fig. 49I ) D2 and D4 thinly spine-like, D4 more slender than D2 . Tracheal camerae short and contracted distally. Central lobe sinuate. Laterostigmata II–IV distinct, without inner structure. On female squama genitalis ( Fig. 49J ) S-shaped sclerotization on processus sternalis, caput processus duck’s head-like, filum processus long. Male with short basiperiphallar setae. Chaetotaxy as in Table 20 . Thoracic and abdominal chaetotaxy nearly identical to that of E. imperiale . Diagnosis. Among the species possessing two anterior and nine posterior setae on the abdominal sternite VIII, this new species is similar to E. novemchaetum and E. ateruii in possessing a short empodium on the middle tarsus and a long empodium on the hind tarsus. This species differs from the latter two in the pseudoculus having one central spot (without inner structure in the latter two). The present new species is different from E. novemchaetum in having broadened d and spatulate f1 foretarsal sensilla (linear d and f in E. novemchaetum ), and from E. ateruii in the presence of labral setae (absent in E. ateruii ) and possession of linear sensilla t3 and c on the foretarsus (broadened in E. ateruii ). Differential characters of eight related species possessing two anterior and nine posterior setae on sternite VIII are summarized in Table 21. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the similarity of this species to those with nine posterior setae on abdominal sternite VIII. Distribution. Japan (Honshu).