The Stegana (Steganina) biprotrusa species group from the Oriental Region (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Author Wu, Liang Author Gao, Jian-Jun Author Chen, Hong-Wei text Zootaxa 2010 2721 47 54 journal article 46931 10.5281/zenodo.199891 c1233bff-9caa-4381-8020-3c231030faff 1175-5326 199891 Stegana ( Steganina ) biprotrusa species group Diagnosis. Articulating-to-aedeagus plate aedeagus developed, bifurcated, separated from hypandrium and mostly sclerotized ( Figs 6, 7 , 12, 13 , 19, 20 , 25, 26 ). Description. Male: Eyes red. Ocellar triangle black, with a pair of small setae above ocellar setae. Postvertical setae slightly behind vertex ridge. Frons and face rectangular in profile. Frons black, with sporadic minute setulae. Fronto-orbital plate brownish yellow above, black below. Proclinate orbital setae distinctly nearer to ptilinal fissure than to inner vertical setae. First flagellomere black. Face brown on upper 2/3, yellow on lower margin, broadened ventrally; facial carina narrow and developed on upper part like as in Stegana ( Steganina ) nigrifrons de Meijere, 1991 ( Okada 1971, Figs 7, 8 ). Clypeus dark brown medially, yellow laterally. Palpus yellow, with 4–5 longer setae distally and several shorter setae basally. Gena yellow, broad (ch/o ≥ 0.15). Vibrissa prominent; other orals small. Occiput brown. Scutum flat, brownish yellow, white-yellow on prothorax. Postpronotal lobe white-yellow, with 1– 2 longer and a few small setae. Prescutellar setae 1 pair. Acrostichal setulae in approximately 10 irregular rows. Pleura with 1 black longitudinal stripe above (running from propleuron to base of halter). Katepisternum usually entirely white. Basisternum brown to black. Scutellum usually black, yellow at tip; basal scutellar setae divergent; apical scutellars cruciate. Wing brown anteriorly, paler posteriorly, not paler at tip. Basal medial-cubital crossvein present; C1 setae 2, less differentiated. Costal vein with 6–8 minute spinules on ventral surface between R2+3 and R4+5. R2+3 markedly curved to costa at tip; R4+5 and M1 convergent distally. Halter grey-brown basally, white distally. Legs white to yellowish, dark brown at fore knee, distal 1/2 of mid and hind femora and basal 1/2 of mid and hind tibiae. Fore femur with 1 row of 4, 5 suberect setae on posterior surface and 1 row of 5 suberect setae on ventral surface. Apical seta present on mid tibia. Preapical dorsal setae present on all tibiae. Mid tibia with 5 strong, suberect setae on basal part of dorsal surface. Mid and hind tarsomeres with 2 and 1 rows of minute cuneiform setulae on anteroventral surface, respectively; fore and hind first tarsomeres slightly shorter than the rest combined; mid first tarsomere longer than the rest combined. Abdominal tergites nearly entirely black; sternites broadened, wider than long. Male terminalia : Epandrium pubescent except for anterior and ventral margins, with dense setae on dorsal to posterolateral portion of each body-side ( Figs 4 , 10 , 16 , 23 ). Cercus setigerous and pubescent ( Figs 4 , 10 , 16 , 23 ). Surstylus separated from epandrium, with numerous serrate processes on basal 3/4, one small prensiseta (but absent in S . otocondyloda sp. nov. ) and numerous setae on distal 1/4, lacking pubescence ( Figs 4, 9 , 16, 17 , 23 ). Tenth sternite connected with surstyli basolaterally. Hypandrium broadened on anterior margin, sometimes concaved medially ( Figs 6 , 12 , 19 , 25 ). Paramere absent. Gonopods strongly sclerotized, with serrate processes distally ( Figs 8, 9 , 14, 15 , 21, 22 , 27, 28 ). Aedeagus developed, basally fused to aedeagal apodeme ( Figs 6, 7 , 12, 13 , 19, 20 , 25, 26 ); apodeme usually strong ( Figs 6, 7 , 12, 13 , 19, 20 , 25, 26 ). Remarks. In the subgenus Steganina , usually paramere is small, and fused with hypandrium; sometimes undistinguishable or absent. The paramere of S . biprotrusa is changed to “articulating plate of aedeagus” based on the following two characters: lack setulae; separated from hypandrium, but fused to aedeagal apodeme.