An inordinate fondness for Osedax (Siboglinidae: Annelida): Fourteen new species of bone worms from California Author Rouse, Greg W. Author Goffredi, Shana K. Author Johnson, Shannon B. Author Vrijenhoek, Robert C. text Zootaxa 2018 2018-02-05 4377 4 451 489 journal article 30843 10.11646/zootaxa.4377.4.1 90327333-dbf7-4a3e-9a7e-7c2fd259d963 1175-5326 1165874 C36D839B-A704-41A8-AC2C-2A75AE39F23C Osedax lehmani n. sp. Figures 14 , 15 ‘yellow collar’, ( Braby et al. 2007 ; Huusgaard et al. 2012 ; Katz & Rouse 2013 ; Rouse et al. 2009 ; Rouse et al. 2015 ; Tresguerres et al. 2013 ; Vrijenhoek et al. 2009 ; Worsaae et al. 2016 ) ‘sp.3 SBJ-2006’ (GenBank COI sequences DQ996629 - DQ99638) ‘sp.4 SBJ-2006’ (GenBank COI sequences DQ996640 , DQ99643) ‘orange collar’ (GenBank COI sequence EU267672 ) Material examined. Holotype : SIO-BIC A7804, Female (GenBank COI sequence DQ996629 ), fixed in glutaraldehyde, preserved in ethanol, collected from a whale carcass ( Eschrichtius robustus ) deployed at 385 meters depth in Monterey Submarine Canyon, California (36°47.401’N; 122° 53.235’W), ROV Tiburon dive number 933, Jan. 6, 2006. Paratypes : Females, fixed in formalin or glutaraldehyde, preserved in ethanol, same locality and date as holotype, SIO-BIC A1640 (GenBank COI sequence DQ996630 ), same locality and date as holotype, SIO-BIC A7806 (GenBank COI sequence DQ996631 ); SIO-BIC A7807 and A7808 (GenBank COI sequence EU223332 and EU223337 , respectively), same locality as holotype, ROV Tiburon dive number 1070, Jan. 11, 2007; dwarf males (Allotypes) SIO-BIC A7805 (no GenBank COI sequence), several in tubes of various females, same locality and date as holotype. Diagnosis and description. Holotype female, in life trunk 8 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; crown of palps contracted, curled, 1.5 mm long ( Fig. 14C ). Palps up to 10 mm long when extended in other specimens ( Figs 14A, D ). Pinnules of all palps oriented dorsally and the oviduct lying between the dorsalmost pair of palps ( Figs 14B, D, E , 15A ). Oviduct extends from trunk into crown for 1.75 mm ( Figs 14 B-D). In life, palps reddish with two major blood vessels in each ( Figs 14A, D ). Tube a gelatinous loose mass around trunk ( Fig. 14D ). Trunk with pale yellow ring around anterior margin; ring broken mid-dorsally by oviduct ( Figs 14B, D ). and mid-ventrally by an oval unpigmented patch ( Fig. 14C ). Clear demarcation of upper and lower trunk with oviduct emerging onto outer surface of upper trunk ( Fig. 14B ). Internally trunk shows extensive musculature and glands with prominent dorsal and ventral blood vessels ( Fig. 15B ). Ovisac in holotype extending laterally as two masses; simple lobes in other specimens ( Fig. 14C ). Roots of holotype extend from ovisac lobes ( Fig. 14C ); in other specimens, roots as simple lobes or extending laterally in two lobe or lobes ( Fig. 14B ). Males dwarfs, with spermatids and sperm, chaetalbearing segments not inflated; found in tube lumen of females ( Fig. 15 C-D). Distribution. Known from Monterey Bay, California only from 349 meters depth ( Table 2 ). It has been found in whale and cow bones. Etymology. This species is named (noun in the genitive case) in memory of Alan George Lehman, father of Ellen Lehman, in recognition of her long and continued support of the Scripps Oceanographic Collections. Remarks. Osedax lehmani n. sp. is part of Osedax Clade IV and is closest relative to Osedax packardorum n. sp. , ( Fig. 1 ), with a minimum uncorrected distance for COI of 8-9% ( Table 4 ). This is one of the smaller intraspecific distances among Osedax species, with others being between O. frankpressi and the O. '1336_61_2' specimen from the Atlantic at ~10%; and O. randyi n. sp. and O. ‘MB16 at ~ 6-7% ( Table 4 ). The majority of the 31 available COI sequences for Osedax lehmani n. sp. ( Table 3 ) show less than 1% divergence, though a few sequences e.g. DQ996640 are around 2% divergent from the majority and DQ996631 shows the greatest distance, at ~3% ( Table 4 ), so the possibility of there being a cryptic species complex for O. lehmani n. sp. needs further investigation. The most distinguishing feature of Osedax lehmani n. sp. is the yellow ring around the anterior part of the trunk. ( Fig. 14 A-D). This is the only Osedax species from Monterey Bay that was not found deeper than 389 meters depth.