ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera) Author Noyes, John Stuart text Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera 2023 Oxford, England 2023-06-30 2 11 5228 5239 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8074943 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.8074943 2754-9844 8074943 BCAD06E8-0AFE-46ED-B7FA-930983CD44C4 Cheiloneurus socrates sp.nov. ( Figs 561-566 ) DIAGNOSIS. Female (length about 1.5mm ): body generally black with a weak metallic sheen on frontovertex; mesoscutum with uniformly distributed translucent, silvery setae; fore wing ( Fig. 562 ) hyaline; fore coxa white; head about 4.8X as wide as frontovertex; antenna ( Fig. 561 ) with pedicel very nearly as long as F1-F2 combined; all funicle segments clearly longer than broad; linear sensilla on F4-F6; clava very slightly shorter than F3-F6 combined, apex more or less narrowly rounded; mandible with 3 acute teeth, upper teeth short; mesoscutum ( Fig. 564 ) with longitudinally elongate, lineolate striate-reticulate sculpture, medially and posteriorly distinctly cellular, cells rounded near posterior margin; scutellum with longitudinally elongate, striate sculpture; scutellum without a subapical tuft of setae; fore wing ( Fig. 562 ) about 2.5X as long as broad; parastigma slightly swollen and slightly downcurved; stigmal vein ( Fig. 563 ) with 3 campaniform sensilla at apex; gaster with “glands” on Gt1 and Gt5, those on Gt1 separated by slightly more than their own lengths, those on Gt5 separated by a little less than 0.2X their own lengths; syntergum about as long as broad. Male : unknown. Female ( holotype ): length, including ovipositor, 1.45mm ; excluding ovipositor, 1.40mm ( CPD ) . Head black with a weak, dark, metallic green sheen on frontovertex with slight purplish reflections, slightly coppery in ocellar area and near occipital margin; scrobal area largely with a distinct, deep, purple sheen, otherwise metallic dark green; lower part of interantennal prominence and near mouth margin dull metallic blue-green, mouth margin coppery purple; frontovertex with inconspicuous dark brown setae; temple adjacent to eye metallic green; posterior part of temple and gena purple, mixed coppery; antenna ( Fig. 561 ) with radicle dark brown; scape white margined dark brown; pedicel dark brown, white in apical half; flagellum dark brown; thorax mostly dark brown to black, pronotum with a dull purple sheen; mesoscutum largely similar to pronotum but anterolaterally more shiny and with a dull dark blue sheen; mesoscutum with more or less uniformly distributed, weakly translucent, silvery setae; tegula dark brown; scutellum clothed with dark brown setae, virtually matt, with a weak purple-brown sheen, sides narrowly with a moderate dark blue sheen; metanotum with slight purple sheen; mesopleuron dark purple brown; fore coxa white; fore femur and tibia white to pale orange, tibia slightly dusky subbasally; mid coxa dark brown, slightly metallic; mid femur white to pale orange with an interrupted, subapical, brown ring; mid tibia white with a brown subbasal band, spur white; hind coxa dark brown, slightly metallic; hind femur dark brown, extreme apices white; hind tibia dark brown, extreme base and distal one-third or so white; fore tarsi pale dusky orange; mid and hind tarsi white to very pale yellow; pretarsi brownish; fore wing ( Fig. 562 ) completely hyaline, venation pale yellow-brown; propodeum dark purple-brown; sides very weakly metallic green with conspicuous silvery setae in spiracular area; gaster dark purple-brown, Gt1 with a small metallic blue-green area medially; remainder of gaster mixed purple and brassy; gonostylus dark brown. Head about 4.8X as wide as frontovertex, in profile about 1.4X as high as deep and subtriangular; occipital margin more or less rounded, occiput with a shallow groove from middle of occipital margin to foramen; ocelli forming an angle of about 50°; frontovertex slightly shiny, with conspicuous reticulate sculpture of mesh size in ocellar area generally slightly larger than diameter of eye facet, smaller in front of anterior ocellus; scrobes, interantennal prominence and mouth margin with shallower sculpture; temple and gena with distinct irregular, reticulate sculpture, of larger mesh than frontovertex and distinctly elongate posteriorly; scrobes shallow, not meeting, dorsal and lateral margins weakly rounded; antenna as in Fig. 561 ; scape hardly broadened and flattened, about 4.5X as long as broad; all funicle segments clearly longer than broad, linear sensilla present only on F4-F6; clava hardly shorter than F3-F6 combined, sutures not oblique, sensory area small and at apex only giving it a rounded or slightly truncate appearance; eye slightly overreaching occipital margin and naked; inner eye margins slightly converging anteriorly so that frontovertex is narrowest just above scrobes; malar sulcus absent; mandible with three acute teeth, upper teeth short. Relative measurements: HW 62, HH 57, FV 13, OD 5, POL 7.5, OOL 0.5, OCL 9.5, AOL 10, EL 37, EW 33, MS 28, SL 27, SW 6. Thorax ( Fig. 564 ) with shallow, irregular, polygonally reticulate sculpture on pronotum, generally of mesh size a little smaller than diameter of facet; mesoscutum with striate-reticulate sculpture that is slightly deeper than that on pronotum and much more longitudinally elongate, clearly cellular with cells more rounded near posterior margin; sculpture on axilla similar to that on pronotum; sculpture on scutellum of similar depth to that on mesoscutum but finer and striate, apex and sides very narrowly completely smooth; visible part of mesoscutum about 1.7X as broad as long; scutellum about 1.25X as broad as long, without a subapical tuft, longest subapical setae about 0.4X as long as scutellum; hind femur about 3.5X as long as broad; fore wing with venation and setation as in Figs 562, 563 ; costal cell with 8 or 9 setae dorsally at apex; propodeum ( Fig. 564 ) with numerous setae in spiracular area, side naked, medially about 0.1X as long as scutellum and with a small area of fine, very shallow, polygonally reticulate sculpture. Relative measurements: FWL 73.5, FWW 29.5; HWL 53, HWW 13. Gaster with hypopygium reaching about half way towards apex; “glands” ( Fig. 566 ) present on Gt1 and Gt5, those on Gt1 separated by slightly more than their own lengths, those on Gt5 separated by a little less than 0.2X their own lengths; ovipositor ( Fig. 565 ) hardly exserted, the exserted part about 0.4X as long as mid tibial spur or about 0.15X as long as mid tibia; last tergite about as long as mid tibia. Relative measurements: OL 55, GL 14 [MT 32]. Variation. Only holotype examined. Male. Unknown. DISTRIBUTION. Costa Rica . HOSTS. Unknown. MATERIAL EXAMINED. Type material. Holotype E: COSTA RICA , Puntarenas , Res. Priv. Karen Mogensen, 9°52’N 95°03’W , 305m , 14-15.ii.2005 ( J.S. Noyes ) . Holotype in NHMUK .