A new species of Andinobates (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from the Urabá region of Colombia Author Márquez, Roberto Author Mejía-Vargas, Daniel Author Palacios-Rodríguez, Pablo Author Ramírez-Castañeda, Valeria Author Amézquita, Adolfo text Zootaxa 2017 4290 3 531 546 journal article 32700 10.11646/zootaxa.4290.3.7 48f25ad8-5841-4eab-a32a-f03853045968 1175-5326 829273 66A83CED-6200-4758-A679-39B5A0656B38 Andinobates victimatus sp. nov. Figures 2 and 4 A–K. Table 1 . Holotype . An adult female (ANDES-A 3686) collected by Daniel Mejía-Vargas in Chichiridó, Dabeiba, Antioquia (7.02°, -76.38°), located in the Llorona Canyon, at 280 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.). Paratypes . Five adults ( 4 males and 1 female ; ANDES-A 3684, 3685, 3687–3689), collected at the type locality, along with the holotype . Etymology. From the Latin victimatus (the victimized); noun in apposition. The Urabá region, where this species occurs, has historically been flailed by Colombia’s longstanding armed conflicts, perhaps more than most other regions of the country, leaving a virtually countless trail of innocent victims. We name this species in honor and remembrance of all these victims. Definition and diagnosis. Andinobates victimatus sp. nov. is a minute (SVL mean = 14.23 ± SD = 0.67 mm ; Table 1 ) dendrobatid frog, characterized by having homogeneous scarlet red dorsal coloration, which extends throughout the limbs. Fingers and toe tips are light metallic gray to metallic gray. The venter and flanks are also scarlet red, with patches degrading into vermilion and finally black, forming irregular blotches ( Fig. 4 A–F). The skin is slightly granular, with granularity increasing towards the urostyle and hind limbs. This species is assignable to Andinobates based on the following traits: small adult size (SVL < 20 mm ), bright dorsal coloration, limb reticulation absent, first finger distinctively shorter than second, median lingual process absent, and maxillary and premaxillary teeth absent. Molecular phylogenetic analyses support this placement. Within Andinobates , we place A. victimatus sp. nov in the A. fulguritus group ( Brown & Twomey et al. 2011 ), also based on phylogenetic analyses, juvenile color pattern ( Fig. 4 H–K; see Coloration in life), and calls of the “short buzz” type ( Brown & Twomey et al . 2011 ; Fig. 5 ). FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood mtDNA genealogy inferred from three concatenated loci (16S, COI, Cytb). Numbers on internodes correspond to nodal support in the form of Bayesian posterior probability/ML bootstrap support. Support for withinspecies nodes is not shown (unless mentioned in the text) for better visualization. Branch colors follow the legend in Figure 1. Photo of A. tolimensis by Ricardo Medina-Rengifo, all others by Roberto Márquez. FIGURE 3. Mean pairwise intra and interspecific Kimura two-parameter (K2P) distances between the Cytb sequences analyzed in this study. Since only one sequence per species was used for the A. bombetes group, we obtained intraspecific Cytb distances for these species from Amézquita et al . (2013). The new species can be easily distinguished from most other known members of Andinobates by its distinctive solid red dorsal coloration ( Fig. 4 ). The only exception is the recently described A. geminisae ( Batista et al. 2014 ) , which has uniform orange dorsal coloration, but lacks light gray/tan pigmentation on finger and toe tips, has uniform ventral coloration, and produces calls of the “tonal buzz” type , with distinctive clicks at the beginning and end of the call, as opposed to the “short buzz” calls of A. victimatus . Moreover, calls of A. victimatus sp. nov. are shorter in duration (0.42– 0.58 s vs. 1.52– 1.6 s ) and higher in peak frequency (5.65–5.86 kHz vs. 4.40–4.50 kHz; Fig. 6 ) than those of A. geminisae . Finally, A. geminisae is, on average, smaller than A. victimatus sp. nov. (SVL 12.68 ± 0.87 mm vs. 14.23 ± 0.67 mm ; t15 = 3.78, p = 0.002, N = 6 A. vic , 11 A. gem ; Fig. 6 ). However, the SVL ranges of both species overlap slightly ( A. geminisae : 11.63–13.63 mm , A. victimatus sp. nov. : 13.22–14.98 mm ). Some individuals of A. opisthomelas , A. virolinensis , and A. cassidyhornae can have nearly homogenous red dorsal coloration ( Amézquita et al. 2013 ; Ruiz-Carranza & Ramírez-Pinilla 1992 ; Silverstone 1975 ). However, they can be distinguished from A. victimatus sp. nov. by their ventral pattern which consists of red blotches on a black background in A. cassidyhornae , light gray spots/marbling in A. virolinensis and some populations of A. opisthomelas , and dark brown with irregular suffusions of red from the flanks in other populations of A. opisthomelas . Moreover, the three species are, on average, larger than A. victimatus ( A. cassidyhornae : 19.031 ± 0.31 mm , t11 = 17.04, p <0.0001, N = 6 A. vic , 7 A. cas ; A. virolinensis : 16.86 ± 0.91 mm , t58 = 6.85, p <0.0001, N = 6 A. vic , 54 A. vir ; A. opisthomelas : 16.80± 1.24 mm , t53 = 5.14, p <0.0001, N = 6 A. vic , 49 A. opi ; data from original descriptions and Silverstone 1975 ), although, again, with slight range overlap with A. virolinensis ( 13.22– 14.98 mm vs. 14.6–18.9 mm ) and A. opisthomelas ( 13.22–14.98 mm vs. 14.5–19.5 mm ). FIGURE 4. Andinobates victimatus sp. nov. (A–K) and A. fulguritus (L–S). A–D: Lateral and dorsal views of an unsexed adult from the type locality. E–F: Ventral views of unsexed adults at the type locality. G: Palm and sole of the hand and foot of the holotype. H–K: Juveniles of A. victimatus sp. nov. exhibiting intermediate stages of coloration development at ~1.5 months (H–I), ~2.5 months (J), and ~3 months (K). L–S: Unsexed A. fulguritus adults from Playa de Oro, Chocó (L–M, type locality), Santa Cecilia, Risaralda (N), Nuquí, Chocó (O), Calima, Valle del Cauca (P), Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca (Q–S), Photos in A–D and H–K by Roberto Márquez, E–F by Jan Van der Meulen, G by Pablo Palacios-Rodríguez, and L–S by Daniel Mejía- Vargas. In addition to coloration, A. victimatus sp. nov. can be distinguished from other lowland species of Andinobates (i.e. A. minutus and A. fulguritus groups) in the following ways ( Fig. 6 ): The calls of A. victimatus sp. nov. are shorter than those of A. claudiae (0.42– 0.58 s vs. 0.85– 1.03 s ), and have a higher peak frequency than those of A. fulguritus (5.65–5.86 kHz vs. 4.83–5.16 kHz); A. victimatus sp. nov. is smaller in body size than A. altobueyensis ( 13.22–14.98 mm vs. 16.30–17.00 mm). TABLE 1. Measurements of the type series of A. victimatus sp. nov. in mm. See methods section for explanation of abbreviations.

Dimension SVL	ANDES-A 3684 ♂ 14.42	ANDES-A 3685 ♀ 14.5	ANDES-A 3686* ♀ 13.22	ANDES-A 3687 ♂ 13.62	ANDES-A 3688 ♂ 14.67	ANDES-A 3689 ♂ 14.98	Mean 14.23	SE 0.27	SD 0.67
TL GBW HW	6.17 4.6 4.74	6.31 4.16 4.31	6.32 3.89 3.90	6.57 3.93 4.64	6.35 3.78 4.54	6.50 4.64 4.60	6.37 4.17 4.46	0.06 0.15 0.13	0.14 0.37 0.31
IOD HL TSCN	3.92 3.42 0.69	4.01 3.57 0.80	3.58 3.31 0.76	4.04 3.45 0.83	3.44 3.12 0.79	3.80 3.61 0.84	3.80 3.41 0.78	0.10 0.07 0.02	0.24 0.18 0.05
NED IND EL	1.02 1.85 1.70	1.14 1.97 1.87	0.94 1.81 1.74	1.18 1.94 1.79	0.97 1.79 1.80	1.43 1.56 1.95	1.11 1.82 1.81	0.07 0.06 0.04	0.18 0.15 0.09
HDT MTD HaL	0.69 0.30 3.68	0.91 0.33 3.74	0.72 0.32 3.52	0.64 0.33 3.61	0.64 0.34 3.76	0.97 0.72 3.72	0.76 0.39 3.67	0.06 0.07 0.04	0.14 0.16 0.09
W3FD W3F W3TD	0.42 0.22 0.32	0.6 0.27 0.4	0.51 0.27 0.46	0.55 0.3 0.34	0.63 0.32 0.38	0.66 0.49 0.40	0.56 0.31 0.38	0.04 0.04 0.02	0.09 0.09 0.05
W3T W4TD W4T	0.23 0.39 0.26	0.28 0.49 0.25	0.26 0.52 0.34	0.21 0.41 0.32	0.27 0.45 0.30	0.38 0.40 0.40	0.27 0.44 0.31	0.02 0.02 0.02	0.06 0.05 0.06
*Holotype

Description of the holotype . An adult female, 13.22 mm in snout-vent length. Snout dorsally subtruncate, laterally rounded and slightly protrusive; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region vertical and slightly concave. The head is wider than it is long, and the same width as the body (HW/GBW = 1.002); head width 29.5% of SVL; head length 25.0% of SVL; nares 1.24 times closer to tip of snout than to eyes; pupil rounded and horizontally elliptical; eye length 52.6% of head length. Tympanic ring visible, oval shaped, of moderate size (HDT 41.4% of EL); posterior and dorsal margins hidden under skin. Maxillary and premaxillary teeth absent; median lingual process absent; tongue about two times longer than wide; anterior margin of tongue not indented; posterior third of tongue not attached to floor of mouth. Hands of moderate size (HaL 26.6% of SVL); adpressed finger lengths are I<II<IV<III; adpressed toe lengths are I<II<V<III<IV; discs of fingers II, III, and IV moderately expanded; toe IV disc weakly expanded; globular, rounded subarticular tubercles; outer palmar tubercle larger than inner palmar tubercle; outer plantar tubercle smaller than inner plantar tubercle; no foot or hand webbing. In life, the dorsum was homogeneous scarlet red, with faintly visible dorsolateral stripes; flanks were mostly uniform vermilion, with a few small, dark specks towards the ventral area. The venter was also vermilion with lesssaturated blotches transitioning from vermilion to black towards the chest and throat. Fingers and toes were light metallic gray, and palms and soles were black. The skin was slightly granular, especially in the posterior venter, cloaca, and dorsal surface of hind limbs. In ethanol (70%), the dorsum and dorsal surfaces of limbs are metallic gray; hands, feet, and articulations are tan to light brown. The venter and flanks are also metallic gray, with some scattered dark brown specks; a large dark brown blotch is present on the throat. The skin is mostly smooth, except for the ventral surface of the hind limbs and cloaca, where weak granularity is still visible. Coloration in life ( Figs. 4, 4 A–K). The dorsum and dorsal surfaces of limbs of all individuals in the type series are homogenous scarlet red. In some collected and uncollected individuals, a faint, complete dorsolateral stripe ( type A in Grant et al. 2006 ) of a more saturated shade of red is visible ( Fig 4 A-D). The scarlet red becomes less saturated in the flanks and venter, transitioning between scarlet-red, vermilion, and black in gradually changing blotches, especially in the throat, chest, and the dorsal surface of the thighs (forming a seat patch; Fig 4 E–F). The pupil and iris are both black, and nearly indistinguishable. The nares are surrounded by thin black margins, and the anterior edge of the tympanic ring is also black, with the first quarter of the tympanum degrading from black to vermilion. Fingers and toes are light metallic gray to metallic gray, and palms and soles black to dark brown. Juveniles reared in the laboratory ( Fig. 4 H–K) developed tan/orange dorsolateral stripes as metamorphs (around stage 40), and later acquired a faint incomplete dorsal median stripe that extended from the tip of the snout to the posterior-dorsal region, and a labial stripe extending from just below the snout to the insertion of the arm, both reminiscent of the color pattern of some A. fulguritus . As time went by, the stripes became a more saturated red, and the dark brown background gave way to homogenous scarlet red pigmentation. Adult coloration was attained around 3.5 months after leaving the water. These individuals were reared at a lower temperature (~18–22 °C) than their natural habitat (~22–28 °C), so this process is probably quicker in nature. Coloration in preservative (70% ethanol). In preservative, the red color turns metallic gray. Fingers, toes, and tubercles become light tan/brown color, and the pupil and cornea become light gray to white. The heterogeneity in ventral coloration becomes more defined in preservative, as the black blotches become dark brown, or stay black, while the scarlet red/vermilion background becomes metallic gray. Vocalization ( Figs. 5–6 ). Similar to other members of the A. fulguritus group, A. victimatus sp. nov. produces calls of the “short buzz” type , consisting of a series of pulses modulated in amplitude but not frequency ( Brown & Twomey et al. 2011 ; Myers & Daly 1976 ). Calls range from 0.42– 0.58 s in length (mean = 0.49 ± SD = 0.06 s ), and contain 99–190 pulses per call (142 ± 42.6). The peak frequency ranges between 5.65–5.86 kHz (5.75 ± 0.08 kHz), and the frequency interquartile bandwidth between 0.76–1.03 kHz (0.88 ± 0.11 kHz). Natural history. A. victimatus sp. nov. is a terrestrial species, which inhabits the understory of lowland forests in the Urabá region of Northwestern Colombia ( Fig. 7 ). Males call to defend territories and attract mates, and were typically observed doing so from the leaf litter, or perched on low branches (< 1 m above the ground) and fallen logs. A few males were also heard calling from bromeliads up to ~ 3 m above the ground. Call activity peaked between 7:30 and 9:30 AM, with occasional calling throughout the rest of the day. Egg clutches are presumably laid within male territories, and tadpoles are transported by males, one at a time, to bromeliad tanks. Tadpoles were observed in bromeliads up to 4m above the ground (although we did not survey plants above this height). All of the observed tadpoles were in tanks of Guzmania musaica bromeliads ( Fig. 7 D), which leads us to speculate that A. victimatus sp. nov. prefers this bromeliad over other similarly-sized species (e.g. other Guzmania or Tillandsia ), for yet unknown reasons. At the type locality, A. victimatus sp. nov. is sympatric with Oophaga histrionica ( Anura : Dendrobatidae ), which deposits larvae in similar phytotelmata. However, we did not find any O. histrionica tadpoles in G. musaica tanks; only in smaller bromeliad species. Whether this indicates some instance of resource partitioning, competition, or another kind of ecological interaction between the two species remains to be studied. Distribution and conservation status. This species occurs in the Urabá region of Northwestern Colombia , inhabiting tropical rain forests at ~ 200– 600 m .a.s.l. ( Figs. 1 , 7 ) in the foothills of the Western Andes, west of the Paramillo Massif, on the Atrato River drainage. The type locality is in the Llorona Canyon in Dabeiba, Antioquia , Colombia , just southwest of the Massif. We have become aware of reports of similar frogs from other biologists and conservationists working in the Urabá region (Carlos Bran-Castrillón, pers. com.), which would extend the new species’ distribution north into the municipalities of Mutatá and Carepa, almost to the Gulf of Urabá, on the Caribbean coast ( Fig. 1 ). In addition, two specimens at the Natural History Museum of the Universidad de Antioquia (MHUA-A 3382 and 3864), currently assigned to A. opisthomelas , are from the municipality of Tierralta, Córdoba , at ~ 590 m . a.s.l ( Fig. 1 ). It is possible that these two specimens actually correspond to A. victimatus sp. nov. , since A. opisthomelas does not normally occur below 1100 m .a.s.l ( Silverstone, 1975 ), which would mean that this species is distributed around the northern end of the Paramillo Massif, into the Sinú River drainage. As we have not examined specimens, alive or preserved, from any of these localities, we consider them tentative reports. Andinobates victimatus sp. nov. has, to the best of our knowledge, not been reported south or west of the type locality. However, given the continuous rain forests and gentle topography of the Northeastern Chocó , it is likely that this species does extend into these areas. Nonetheless, Silverstone did not find it when collecting A. fulguritus in the Arquía river, ~ 85 km south of the type locality, in the 1960s, and it has not been reported in the vicinities of Quibdó (~ 130 km south) or the San Juan River drainage (> 180 km south), both well sampled in terms of Dendrobatid frogs. Therefore, we suspect that this species’ range does not extend too far south of the type locality. Further exploration and inspection of museum specimens are needed to get a better grasp of this species’ geographic distribution. FIGURE 5. Oscillogram (below, in relative units) and spectrogram (above) of one spontaneous advertisement call of Andinobates victimatus sp. nov. The male was captured at the type locality and recorded in captivity. The distribution of sound energy is represented by the power spectrum (overlaid white line, amplitude in X axis is relative). The temperature of the substrate around the calling male was 19.4 °C. In spite of the current uncertainty regarding the distribution of A. victimatus sp. nov. , it seems clear that its extent of occurrence is less than 5,000 km 2. It is currently known from one locality with certainty, plus five tentative additional ones, and the forests in this species’ range have been, and will probably continue to be under strong deforestation pressures due to mining (both legal and illegal), cattle farming, and large-scale agriculture (e.g. banana and plantain plantations), which reduce the amount and quality of available habitat, and increase its fragmentation. Therefore, we tentatively designate A. victimatus sp. nov. as Endangered (EN: B1a, biii; IUCN, 2001). However, it is possible that the range of A. victimatus sp. nov. does exceed 5,000 km 2, in which case this species should be listed as Vulnerable (VU; B1a, biii). Most of the range of A. victimatus sp. nov. surrounds the Nudo de Paramillo National Natural Park, a 460,000 ha nature reserve, managed by the Colombian government, which is closed to the public. However, we are unaware of any reports of A. victimatus sp. nov within the park, which encompasses most of the Paramillo Massif above 700 m . a.s.l. This national park, nonetheless, protects ~250,000 ha in the 700–1000 m .a.s.l elevation belt, where A. victimatus could exist at the higher end of its elevational range. Considerably more research on this species’ distribution, habitat requirements, and population ecology is needed to confidently assign it to a category of threat. FIGURE 6. Comparisons of SVL and call traits between lowland species of Andinobates . Rectangles indicate the full range of values observed or reported in the literature. When available, means are represented as diamonds, with bars denoting 95% confidence intervals (assuming normality; estimated as 1.96 times the standard error of the mean). SVL data were obtained from Batista et al . (2014), Jungfer et al. (2000), and Silverstone (1975), and bioacoustic data from Batista et al . (2014) and Brown & Twomey et al . (2011). A. vic = A. victimatus , A. alt = A. altobueyensis , A. ful = A. fulguritus , A. vir = A. viridis , A. min = A. minutus , A. cla = A. claudiae , A. gem = A. geminisae . FIGURE 7. Type locality of A. victimatus sp. nov. in Dabeiba, Antioquia, Colombia. A: Río Sucio at the Llorona Canyon. B: Stream at Chichiridó C: The forests of the Llorona Canyon. D: Guzmania musaica bromeliad, used by A. victimatus sp. nov. to deposit larvae. E: Understory habitat of A. victimatus sp. nov. All photos by Jan Van der Meulen. TABLE 2. Specimen information for individuals used in molecular and phylogenetic analyses. A dash indicates no data available. Voucher Species Locality Study GenBank Accession 16S COI Cytb ……continued on the next page

JDL 24489 GECOH 1321	Ranitomeya ventrimaculata Andinobates fulguritus	Km 11, Vía Leticia – Tarapacá. Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia Playa de Oro, Tadó, Chocó, Colombia	Grant et al. 2006 This study	DQ502266 KY885030	DQ502928 KY885053	DQ502697 KY885076
GECOH 1612	Andinobates fulguritus	Playa de Oro, Tadó, Chocó, Colombia	This study	KY885031	KY885055	KY885078
GECOH 1613	Andinobates fulguritus	Playa de Oro, Tadó, Chocó, Colombia	This study	KY885032	KY885056	KY885079
MHNUC 340 GECOH 1320	Andinobates fulguritus Andinobates fulguritus	Sierra Mecana (260 m). Bahía Solano, Chocó, Colombia Playa de Oro, Tadó, Chocó, Colombia	Grant et al. 2006 This study	DQ502106 -	DQ502817 KY885052	DQ502538 KY885075
GECOH 860	Andinobates fulguritus	Arusí, Nuquí, Chocó, Colombia	This study	KY885048	KY885072	KY885095
GECOH 861	Andinobates fulguritus	Arusí, Nuquí, Chocó, Colombia	This study	KY885049	KY885073	KY885096
GECOH 862	Andinobates fulguritus	Arusí, Nuquí, Chocó, Colombia	This study	KY885050	KY885074	KY885097
GECOH 1402	Andinobates fulguritus	Arusí, Nuquí, Chocó, Colombia	This study	-	-	KY885077
GECOH 546	Andinobates fulguritus	Itaurí, Pueblo Rico, Risaralda, Colombia	This study	KY885047	KY885071	KY885094
GECOH 2093	Andinobates fulguritus	Itaurí, Pueblo Rico, Risaralda, Colombia	This study	KY885042	KY885064	KY885089
GCOH 2094	Andinobates fulguritus	Itaurí, Pueblo Rico, Risaralda, Colombia	This study	KY885043	KY885065	KY885090
GECOH 545	Andinobates fulguritus	Itaurí, Pueblo Rico, Risaralda, Colombia	This study	KY885046	KY885070	KY885093
-	Andinobates fulguritus	San Blas, Panamá	Vences et al. 2000	AF124116	-	-
ANDES-A 3683	Andinobates victimatus sp. nov.	Chichiridó, Dabeiba, Antioquia, Colombia	This study	KY885033	KY885057	KY885080
ANDES-A 3684*	Andinobates victimatus sp. nov.	Chichiridó, Dabeiba, Antioquia, Colombia	This study	KY885034	KY885058	KY885081
ANDES-A 3685*	Andinobates victimatus sp. nov.	Chichiridó, Dabeiba, Antioquia, Colombia	This study	KY885035	KY885059	KY885082
ANDES-A 3686** ANDES-A 3687*	Andinobates victimatus sp. nov. Andinobates victimatus sp. nov.	Chichiridó, Dabeiba, Antioquia, Colombia Chichiridó, Dabeiba, Antioquia, Colombia	This study This study	KY885036 KY885037	KY885060 KY885061	KY885083 KY885084
ANDES-A 3688*	Andinobates victimatus sp. nov.	Chichiridó, Dabeiba, Antioquia, Colombia	This study	KY885038	KY885062	KY885085

TABLE 2. (CƟntinueđ) Voucher Species Locality Study GenBank Accession 16S COI Cytb GECOH 1216 Andinobates opisthomelas I la đel SƟl, Guatapé, AntiƟquia, Amézquita et al. JQ936634 KY885051 JQ936620

ANDES-A 3689* GECOH 1751	Andinobates victimatus Andinobates victimatus	p. nƟv. p. nƟv.	Chichiriđó, Dabeiba, AntiƟquia, CƟlƟmbia Chichiriđó, Dabeiba, AntiƟquia, CƟlƟmbia	Thi Thi	tuđy tuđy	KY885044 KY885039	KY885066 -	KY885091 KY885086
GECOH 1756	Andinobates victimatus	p. nƟv.	Chichiriđó, Dabeiba, AntiƟquia, CƟlƟmbia	Thi	tuđy	KY885040	KY885063	KY885087
GECOH 1757	Andinobates victimatus	p. nƟv.	Chichiriđó, Dabeiba, AntiƟquia, CƟlƟmbia	Thi	tuđy	KY885041	-	KY885088

CƟlƟmbia 2013 GECOH 297 Andnobates bombetes Bosque YƟtƟcƟ Natural Re erve, YƟtƟcƟ, Thi tuđy KY885045 KY885067 KY885092 Valle đel Cauca , CƟlƟmbia GECOH 305 Andinobates virolinensis CƟ tilla đe fara, VirƟlín, Santanđer , ƂrƟwn et al. 2011; JN635873 KY885068 JQ936626 CƟlƟmbia Amézquita et al. 2013 GECOH 474 Andinobates tolimensis Falan , TƟlima, CƟlƟmbia ƂrƟwn et al. 2011; JN635857 KY885069 JQ936632 Amézquita et al. 2013 GECOH 1523 Andinobates cassidyhornae La Me enia, Jarđín, AntiƟquia, CƟlƟmbia Amézquita et al. JQ936636 KY885054 JQ936622 2013 MVUP 2428 Andinobates geminisae 6 Km ea t Ɵf El Carmen (RíƟ Ƃelén), Ƃati ta et al. 2014 KM212167 KM212166 - Heađwater Ɵf RíƟ CanƟ, DƟnƟ Ɵ, CƟlón, Panamá USNM-FS Andinobates claudiae SƟuth enđ Ɵf I la PƟpa, 1km E Ɵf FrƟ t et al. 2004; DQ283042 DQ502748 DQ502453 59980 SunwƟƟđ Channel, ƂƟca đel TƟrƟ, Grant et al. 2006 Panamá Paratype ; ** HƟlƟtype