Notes on the genus Gypsophila (Caryophyllaceae) in Turkey, with a description of G. guvengorkii sp. nov. Author Armağan, Metin Yüzüncü Yıl University, Education Faculty, Department of Science Education, Van, Turkey Author Özgökçe, Fevzi Tuşba District Municipality, Van, Turkey Author Çelik, Ali Pamukkale University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Denizli, Turkey text Phytotaxa 2017 2017-02-10 295 3 271 279 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.295.3.8 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.295.3.8 1179-3163 13689832 Gypsophila guvengorkii Armağan, Özgökçe and Çelik sp. nov. ( Figure 1 ) Type: — TURKEY . Karabük : Keltepe, rocky crevices, 41 o 05′ 16.24″ N 32 o 27′ 16.37″ E , 1981 m , 11 July 2012 , Çelik 585 ( holotype VANF-162325!, isotype PAMUH !). FIGURE 1 . Gypsophila guvengorkii (VANF-162325): a) Habit, b) Seeds, c) Ovary, d) Sterile ovary, e) Capsule, f) Petal and stamen, g) Calyx, h) Habitat. Diagnosis: — Affinis G. briquetiana Schischkin (1928:474) sed petalis oblanceolatis, 5.0–5.5 × 1.6–1.8 mm (non obovatis–cuneatis, 4–8 × 1.5–3.5 mm ), obtusis–retusis (non retusis–emarginatis); stylis 2–3 (non solum 2) differt, G. davisii Barkoudah (1962:62) sed petalis oblanceolatis, 5.0–5.5 × 1.6–1.8 mm (non linearis–cuneatis, 4.2–5.0 × 1.0– 1.6 mm ); semina orbiculari-reniformia (non pyriformis); bracteis scarioso-marginatis (non scariosus et minutis ciliatis) differt, et G. brachypetala sed caulis florifer 3–11 cm (non 17–40 cm ), inflorescentia depauperate dichasium (non corymbose); semina acute tuberculate (non obtuse) differt ( Table 1 ). TABLE 1. Morphological comparison among Gypsophila briquetiana , G. brachypetala , G. davisii and G. guvengorkii .

G. briquetiana	G. brachypetala	G. davisii	G. guvengorkii
Stems (cm)	1.5–8	17–40	4–16	3–11
Habitat	Rocks crevices	Steppe slopes	Alpine pastures	Rocks crevices
Inflorescence	Dichasium	Corymbose	Dichasium	Depauperate dichasium
Inflorescence	Glandular hairy or glabrous	Always glabrous	Always glabrous	Always glabrous
Styles	2	2	2	2–3
Basal leaves (mm)	12–30 × 1.0–1.5, linear- triquetrous, fleshy, acute- acuminate	23–33 × 1.5–2.2, linear, fleshy, acute, subspiny	7–10 × 0.8–1.2, linear, triquetrous, fleshy, acute, finely scabrid at margins	5–19 × 1.0–1.8, linear, only triquetrous on the top, fleshy, acute
Stem leaves	1–2 pairs	5–7 pairs	3–4 pairs	1–3 pairs
Bracts	Leafy	Scarious	Leafy, finely ciliate at margins	Leafy
Petals (mm)	Obovate-cuneate, 4–8 × 1.5–3.5, retuse-emarginate	Oblanceolate, 5.0–5.5 × 1.8–1.9, obtuse-retuse	Linear-cuneate, 4.2–5.0 × 1.0–1.6, obtuse	Oblanceolate, 5.0–5.5 × 1.6–1.8, obtuse-retuse
Calyx teeth	Scarious at margins	Scarious at margins	Scarious and ciliate at margins	Scarious at margins
Stamens	1/3 petals	Longer then petals	As long as or shorter then petals	2/3 petals
Seeds (mm)	Orbicular-reniform, acute tubercles, 1.1–1.2 × 1.2–1.4	Orbicular-reniform, obtuse tubercles, 1.4–1.6 × 1.3–1.5	Pyriform, obtuse tubercles, 0.98–1.17 × 1.08–1.39	Orbicular-reniform, acute tubercles on dorsal, 1.3–1.6 × 1.4–1.7

Description: —Caespitose perennial, glabrous, with a caudex at the base. Stem numerous, erect-ascending, slender, 3–11 cm high. Basal leaves linear (5–19 × 1.0– 1.8 mm ), flat or triquetrous, ± acute, green, finely scabrid at margins. Inflorescence in depauperate dichasium, (1–)2–7-flowered. Bracts lanceolate-ovate (2.0–2.3 × 0.6–1.0 mm), leaf-like in shape, scarious at margins. Pedicels 1–6 mm long. Flowers sterile with three styles or fertile with two styles. Calyx campanulate (3.0–4.0 × 2.5–3.5 mm ), with teeths ovate (1.8–2.3 × 1.2–1.5 mm ), obtuse-mucronulate, broadly scarious at margins. Petals pink, oblanceolate (5.0–5.5 × 1.6–1.8 mm ), obtuse-retuse. Capsule subglobose-ovoid (2.7–2.8 × 2.5–2.6 mm ), shorte than the calyx. Seeds brownish-black, orbicular-reniform (1.3–1.6 × 1.4–1.7 mm ), with acute tubercles on dorsal side. Ovules 8. Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting times July‒August. Distribution and habitats: — Gypsophila guvengorkii is an endemic species growing on limestone rocks crevices (top of Keltepe, Karabük , Turkey ) at about 2000 m a.s.l. ( Figure 5 ) Etymology: —This new species named in honour of Mehmet Güven Görk, a botanist in Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey . Conservation status: — Gypsophila guvengorkii currently occurs in the environs Bolu and Karabük ( Turkey ), where covers an area of about 20.000 km 2 . It prefers rocky areas at the mountains. There are about 150 km between two known localities which do not seem to be in hazard condition (no threats appears to be). We suggest that the G. guvengorkii should be placed under Vulnerable (VU [D2]) of the IUCN category because Area of Occupancy (AOO) less than 20 km 2 and number of locations less than five ( IUCN 2014 ). FIGURE 2 . 1) Gypsophila briquetiana (VANF-162313): a) Habit, b) Petals and stamen, c) Seed. 2) Gypsophila brachypetala (VANF- 162325): a) Habit, b) Flower, c) Calyx, d) Capsule, e) Ovary, f) Petal and stamen, g) Seed, h) Inflorescence. Taxonomical notes: — Gypsophila guvengorkii belongs to the section Exscapae F.N. Williams (1889: 322 , six species, of which five endemic) (10 sections in Turkey according to Koç 2013 ) which is characterized by including perennial species with low stems up to eight cm with small, fleshy leaves, few-flowered inflorescence and 16–20 ovules ( Huber-Morath 1967 , Davis et al . 1988 ). The new species increase to 64 the total number of Gypsophila taxa in Turkey . The samples which were collected by Davis and Tunçkol & Akkemik in 2013 (see Huber-Morath 1967 , Tunçkol & Akkemik 2013 ) were identified as G. brachypetala . On the basis of our careful examination of these specimens, plus the new own collections from Bolu , we verified that the population found from Karabük to Bolu are recognizable as a new species. Gypsophila guvengorkii differs from G. briquetiana especially by the petal shape, inflorescence, seeds and style number; it differs from G. brachypetala by plant size, inflorescence and seed form ( Figure 2 ); it differs from G. davisii by the petal and seed shape ( Table 1 ). Selected specimens examined ( Gypsophila briquetiana ): — TURKEY . Tunceli : Ovacık , Munzur Mountains , Karagöl valley , 1850 m , 29 July 2011 , Armağan & Özgökçe (VANF-162313!) ; Tunceli : Ovacık , 3 km N of Işıkvuran village , Munzur mountains , rocky crevices, 2290 m , 08 August 2014 , Armağan 5924 (AYDN-2437!) ; Tunceli : Ovacık , between Sarıgül and Yalmanlar villages, on the pathway of Buyer Baba , rocky crevices, 2680 m , 06 August 2014 , Armağan 5811 (AYDN-2438!) ; Erzincan : Üzümlü , Keşiş mountain , around of Devrant , rocky crevices, 2517 m , 16 August 2009 , Armağan & Özgökçe (VANF-162312!). ( G. davisii ): — TURKEY . Muğla : Sandras Mountain near Gökçeova, 1700 m , 23 July 1947 , Davis 13516a (holo. E-000725650!) ; Muğla : Köyceğiz , the surrounding of Gökçeova Lake , pastures, 1774 m , 10 July 2009 , Çelik G23 (VANF-162322!) .