World reclassification of the Gonatocerus group of genera (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) Author Huber, John T. text Zootaxa 2015 3967 1 1 184 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3967.1.1 17446e98-b166-4d8d-aa19-c2da27aa7b3d 1175-5326 288712 809A05D1-3BAD-4A32-8D56-C91A6B609D00 Zeyanus Huber , gen. n. (= asulcifrons species group, of authors) ( Figs 318–340 ) Type species . Gonatocerus asulcifrons Zeya , by present designation. Diagnosis . Within Gonatocerini, the species of Zeyanus are distinguished by the following combination of features: head thin ( Figs 330, 331, 333 ), at least 2.5 as wide as long; face without subantennal sulci ( Figs 319 , 329 ); occiput divided by transverse, oblique sulcus extending above foramen magnum from eye to eye ( Figs 320 , 332 ); pronotum longitudinally divided, the lobes abutting medially ( Fig. 337 ); mesonotal spiracle much larger than propodeal spiracle, but with small opening; dorsellum triangular ( Figs 336, 337 ); propodeum with straight, submedian carinae more or less converging anterodorsally ( Figs 336, 337 ); ovipositor sheaths distinctly exserted and usually upturned, with numerous (rarely as few as 3) setae along the exserted length of each sheath ( Figs 318 , 323 , 335, 339 ). Description . FEMALE . Large specimens, 1280–1895 Μm in length. Colour . Body yellow with various amounts of brown or, occasionally, black. Head . Head thin ( Figs 318 , 331, 333 ), about 2.25–2.72× as wide as long and about 1.2 – 1.5× as wide as high; in lateral view with anterior surface almost flat to slightly convex mainly below lower eye margin. Face about as wide as high; subantennal sulci absent ( Fig. 319 , 329 ) but with distinct, triangular depression below each torulus; preorbital sulci curving slightly inward ventral to toruli then almost straight to dorsolateral corners of mouth. Toruli at most half their width from transverse trabecula. Vertex in lateral view ( Fig. 331 ) almost vertical and in same plane as face, posteriorly usually acutely angled at junction with occiput, with a distinct carina extending from eye margin to each lateral ocellus but not between them ( Fig. 330 ). Ocelli with LOL less than 0.5× POL and OOL 0.5–1.0× POL, with two setae between lateral ocelli. Eye in lateral view about 1.5× as high as long, its dorsal part extending to back of head. Malar space about 0.5× eye height; malar sulcus present, almost straight, extending from ventral or anteroventral angle of eye to about posterior angle of mouth. Gena in lateral view very narrow or absent above level of occipital sulcus, and below occipital sulcus as wide as area in front of malar sulcus ( Fig. 331 ). Occiput divided by distinct, transverse sulcus extending from eye to eye above foramen magnum ( Figs 330, 332 ). Labrum with 3 or 5 setae. Mandible with 3 normal teeth ( Fig. 334 ). Antenna . Scape at most about 4.3× as long as wide, ( Fig. 321 ) with radicle distinct, narrow, about 0.3 – 0.4× scape length; pedicel 0.15 – 0.25× entire scape length, and at most about 0.8× as long and about as wide as fl1; funicle 8- segmented, fl1–fl8 with one or sometimes two slightly overlapping whorls of 2 or 4 mps; clava with at least 15 mps, scattered or in up to three whorls. Mesosoma . About 1.5–1.9× as long as wide, 1.5–2.0× as long as high, and 1.0– 1.3× as wide as high. Pronotum ( Figs 325 , 330 , 337 ) short but visible in dorsal view, longitudinally divided into two abutting lobes, with dorsal surface separated from lateral surface by a distinct edge, and lateral surface concave in posterior 0.7 (between posterior half of propleura and spiracle). Pronotal spiracle distinctly larger than propodeal spiracle ( Fig. 338 ). Propleura normal, in dorsal view sometimes slightly protuberant lateral to pronotum. Prosternum rhomboidal, divided posteriorly by longitudinal sulcus extending almost its entire length. Mesonotum in dorsal view with fairly wide but shallow notauli. Transscutal articulation straight. Scutellum slightly wider than long. Axilla normal. Prepectus fairly wide and triangular. Mesopleuron spindle-shaped and truncate at both ends, with fine sulcus separating mesepisternum from mesepimeron. Metanotum with dorsellum rectangular/triangular, its posterior margin rounded. Metapleuron triangular, separated posteriorly from propodeum by a short, indistinct, fairly straight carina. Propodeum in lateral view weakly sloping, almost in same plane as dorsellum; in dorsal view, with two thin, straight, dorsally converging submedian carinae. Propodeal spiracle small, separated by less than its diameter from metanotum. Wings . Fore wing ( Fig. 322 ) at most about 3.0× as long as wide, with microtrichia fairly dense and uniform distally, sparser proximally, and almost absent from slightly distal to apex of venation to wing base except for a few microtrichia behind venation (usually about 4 behind stigmal vein, rarely up to about 10 along parastigma almost to its base). Venation a little over 0.3× wing length. Submarginal vein with the usual two basal setae (a dorsal macrochaeta and a ventral hypochaeta) and a hypochaeta apically, next to proximal macrochaeta of parastigma. Remaining venation (parastigma + stigmal vein) with hypochaeta closer to distal than proximal macrochaeta and with 2–5 setae between the macrochaetae, usually in apical half. Stigmal vein with apex oblique. Hind wing normal. Venation about 0.45× wing length. Metasoma . Petiole short, usually much wider than long and scarcely visible ( Figs 323, 325 ). Gaster 1.7–2.0× as long as high. Terga with white membrane at most narrowly visible between them. Ovipositor sheath exserted beyond gaster apex by about 0.5–0.8× gaster length, usually distinctly upcurved but sometimes straight, with numerous setae along most of its exserted length ( Figs 318 , 323 , 335, 339 ), exceptionally with as few as 3 setae. MALE . Colour . As in female. Antenna . Scape short ( Fig. 324 ), with radicle 0.2–0.4× scape length, not clearly separated from it; pedicel about 0.35× scape length; flagellomeres each with about 20 mps ( Figs 327, 328 ). Metasoma . Gaster slightly compressed. Genitalia extremely long, about 0.7× length of gaster, with aedeagal apodemes almost parallel for their entire length and extending posteriorly as far as apex of apodeme of genital sternum ( Fig. 326 ). Etymology . Zeya + “-anus”, a Latin suffix that means belonging to or pertaining to. The gender is masculine. The genus is named after Shahid Bin Zeya, who first recognized the unique features of the included species and placed them in a new species group of Gonatocerus , the asulcifrons group ( Zeya and Hayat, 1995 ). Distribution . Zeyanus species occur in the Oriental and Afrotropical regions. Hosts and habitat . Hosts are unknown but one species was reared from an undetermined leaf gall ( Gupta and Poorani 2008 ). Specimens (BMNH, CNC, UCRC, UCDC, USNM), representing several species were examined from forests in Guinea , Kenya , and Uganda (Aftrotropical), South Korea and southern Japan (Palaearctic), and several countries from India to Indonesia (Oriental). Included species: Zeyanus asulcifrons (Zeya) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus asulcifrons Zeya , in Zeya & Hayat, 1995 : 60; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: India , Assam, Halflong. Zeyanus bialbifuniculatus (Subba Rao) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus bialbifuniculatus Subba Rao, 1989 : 146 ; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: India , Tamil Nadu, 3 E. Manjler Dam . Zeyanus similis (Gupta & Poorani) . Gonatocerus similis Gupta & Poorani, 2008 : 59 ; holotype ♀ in IARI. TL: India , Karnataka, Yana forests. Syn. n. Zeyanus devikulamus (Mani & Saraswat) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus devikulamus Mani & Saraswat, 1973 : 84 ; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). TL: India , Tamil Nadu, Anamalai Hills, Devikulam. Zeyanus fulvipodus (Subba Rao) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus fulvipodus Subba Rao 1989 : 146 ; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: India , Kerala, 24 km S. Palghat, Nelliampathy. Zeyanus jaintiacus (Zeya) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus jaintiacus Zeya, 2014: 95 ; holotype ♀ in ZDAMU. TL: India , Meghalaya, Ri Bhoi, Um Sam Lem. Zeyanus longiterebratus (Subba Rao) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus longiterebratus Subba Rao, 1989 : 145 ; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: India , Kerala, Periyar Animal Sanctuary. Zeyanus rileyi (Zeya) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus rileyi Zeya, 2014: 94 ; holotype ♀ in ZDAMU. TL: India , Kerala, Malappuram. Zeyanus sergueii (Manickavasagam & Rameshkumar) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus sergueii Manickavasagam & Rameshkumar, 2013a : 87 ; holotype ♀ in EDAU. TL: India , Karnataka, Bengaluru, IWST campus. Zeyanus unicolouratus (Subba Rao) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus unicolouratus Subba Rao, 1989 : 144 ; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: India , New Delhi.