Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique: 1 - Phlebobranchia Author Monniot, Françoise text Zootaxa 2018 2018-02-28 4387 3 451 472 journal article 30627 10.11646/zootaxa.4387.3.3 7eba4551-e113-4902-9cb3-26a4d5df2993 1175-5326 1187659 F0845057-D918-4693-8D80-E94E6CA6EE8C Ascidia sp. Fig. 9 Station AB 157, 14°29,9N–61°05,4W, 28m (MNHN P5 ASC.A 431) The single specimen 4.5 cm long has a clear cartilaginous tunic with a rough surface and some epibionts. The siphons are sessile the oral one apical end the atrial at half body length. There are 8 oral lobes with ocelli and on the undulated atrial rim 12 ocelli. The body wall is light brown in formalin ( Fig. 9A ). The oral tentacles are spaced in 3 orders of size. The anterior lamina of the prepharyngeal groove has papillae but no papillae were seen on the prepharyngeal space. The dorsal tubercle has horns curved outwardly. The dorsal lamina begins with 2 blades and is prolonged in a high blade far behind the oesophageal aperture. The rapheal ribs end in small papillae ( Fig.9B ). The branchial tissue is thin with meshes of irregular size containing 4 to 7 stigmata. The branchial papillae are round or somewhat elongate ( Fig.9B ), most of them with 2 small protrusions at their base. There are no intermediate papillae. The branchial sac extends below the gut. The gut loop occupies half of the left side ( Fig. 9A ). The stomach is oval with indistinct folds. The primary intestinal loop contains a massive ovary. The descending intestinal limb and rectum are inflated but do not form a protruding pouch. The rectum forms a closed secondary loop and ends in a smooth anus. The testis in small vesicles is spread on the whole external side of the gut, its sperm ducts are gathered in large channels with a scalariform design ( Fig.9 A ) which join in a single duct along the rectum and the oviduct. With a single specimen it is not possible to determine if this peculiar design of the sperm duct is specific or is only an occasional development of the testis. The musculature is almost absent on the left body side with longitudinal fibres issued from the oral siphon extending only a short distance behind the prepharyngeal area ( Fig. 9A ). On the right side the longitudinal fibres issued from the oral part become thinner downwards and disappear exept for a few that extend almost to the posterior end of the body. The transverse musculature is very dense on the whole right body side and stop abruptly along the dorsal line ( Fig.9A ). Some fibres of the atrial siphon complete this dense meshwork. This musculature design recalls that of Ascidia interrupta but is denser. FIGURE 9. Ascidia sp. A, dissection (scale bar = 1cm); B, part of the branchial tissue. By its external aspect this species looks like Ascidia curvata but differs by a stronger musculature on the right side and the shape of the gonoducts Many Ascidia species are present in the western tropical Atlantic ( Van Name 1945 ; Bonnet & Rocha 2011 ), but none have exactly the same set of characters. The variability in a single population in the genus Ascidia is too important to assign this Madibenthos specimen to a species with a single specimen collected.